Background: The contemporary world is facing urgent sustainability challenges, thus favouring the emergence of new business approaches. In this view, hybrid organizations (HOs) strive for financial self-sufficiency while simultaneously generating a positive social or environmental impact. These firms are funded by impact investors, which seek sustainability returns along financial ones. The research aims to explore the main drivers influencing the amount of money raised by HOs according to the nature of impact generated. Methodology: The study delves into 740 equity funding rounds extracted from Crunchbase and directed towards HOs. These companies are categorized according to the type of impact generated to unveil how the fundraising amount is differently affected by the same set of variables. Multiple linear regression models are implemented and tested through various robustness checks. An in-depth analysis on firms operating in the food sector is conducted too. Particular attention is given to the examination of literature-based hypotheses concerning the role played by additionality and the convergence of ownership and management within HOs. Results: The analysis reveals the different influence exerted by additionality according to the type of impact generated by the HO. Specifically, within the realm of social sustainability, additionality shows a negative effect on the fundraising amount, whereas in the domain of environmental sustainability, it serves as a catalyst to attract higher amounts. Within the food sector, when the overlap between ownership and management is coupled with dual impact generation, the fundraising amount tends to increase. Conclusions: The different effects of additionality suggest that financial markets hinder the development of a more profound social impact while encouraging a deeper environmental impact generation. Moreover, within the food sector, the integrity of entrepreneurial values favours dual impact generation by attracting higher amounts.
Contesto: Il mondo contemporaneo sta affrontando urgenti sfide di sostenibilità, favorendo così la nascita di nuovi approcci aziendali. In questo contesto, le organizzazioni ibride (HOs) perseguono l’autosufficienza finanziaria generando un impatto sociale o ambientale positivo. Queste aziende ricevono finanziamenti da investitori ad impatto, interessati sia a ritorni sostenibili che finanziari. La ricerca esplora i principali fattori che influenzano l'ammontare di denaro raccolto dalle HOs in relazione al tipo di impatto generato. Metodologia: Lo studio approfondisce 740 round di finanziamento tramite equity, estratti tramite Crunchbase e diretti verso le HOs. Tali aziende sono suddivise in base al tipo di impatto creato, al fine di indagare come lo stesso insieme di variabili influenzi diversamente l'ammontare raccolto. Vari modelli di regressione lineare multipla sono implementati e sottoposti a controlli di robustezza. Inoltre, viene condotta un'analisi approfondita sulle aziende operanti nel settore alimentare. Particolare attenzione è rivolta all'esame delle ipotesi derivanti dalla letteratura riguardo al ruolo svolto dall'addizionalità e dalla convergenza tra proprietà e gestione all'interno delle HOs. Risultati: L'analisi rivela il diverso effetto causato dall'addizionalità in base al tipo di impatto. Nell'ambito sociale, l'addizionalità mostra un effetto negativo sull'ammontare raccolto, mentre in quello ambientale funge da catalizzatore attirando importi più elevati. Nel settore alimentare, quando la sovrapposizione tra proprietà e gestione è combinata con la generazione di duplice impatto, l'ammontare raccolto tende ad aumentare. Conclusioni: I diversi effetti dell’addizionalità suggeriscono che i mercati finanziari ostacolino il perseguimento di un impatto sociale più profondo, ma favoriscano la generazione di un impatto ambientale più esteso. Inoltre, nel settore alimentare, l'integrità dei valori imprenditoriali facilita la generazione di duplice impatto attirando importi più elevati.
How is finance addressing social and environmental sustainability? A quantitative examination on equity funding rounds
Leoni, Lorenzo
2022/2023
Abstract
Background: The contemporary world is facing urgent sustainability challenges, thus favouring the emergence of new business approaches. In this view, hybrid organizations (HOs) strive for financial self-sufficiency while simultaneously generating a positive social or environmental impact. These firms are funded by impact investors, which seek sustainability returns along financial ones. The research aims to explore the main drivers influencing the amount of money raised by HOs according to the nature of impact generated. Methodology: The study delves into 740 equity funding rounds extracted from Crunchbase and directed towards HOs. These companies are categorized according to the type of impact generated to unveil how the fundraising amount is differently affected by the same set of variables. Multiple linear regression models are implemented and tested through various robustness checks. An in-depth analysis on firms operating in the food sector is conducted too. Particular attention is given to the examination of literature-based hypotheses concerning the role played by additionality and the convergence of ownership and management within HOs. Results: The analysis reveals the different influence exerted by additionality according to the type of impact generated by the HO. Specifically, within the realm of social sustainability, additionality shows a negative effect on the fundraising amount, whereas in the domain of environmental sustainability, it serves as a catalyst to attract higher amounts. Within the food sector, when the overlap between ownership and management is coupled with dual impact generation, the fundraising amount tends to increase. Conclusions: The different effects of additionality suggest that financial markets hinder the development of a more profound social impact while encouraging a deeper environmental impact generation. Moreover, within the food sector, the integrity of entrepreneurial values favours dual impact generation by attracting higher amounts.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/217917