Technological evolution and the development of the Internet have enabled the emergence of new possible forms of interaction between the civic community and public administration. Crowdfunding is based on a simple mechanism: collecting donations or small sums of money from a plurality of actors, through a digital platform. The principle of its operation has distant roots, being able to trace the funding of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty as a type of collective funding. This tool involves catalyzing collective economic effort, collected through a platform, in the realization of public goods and services, and falls under the category of civic activism, thus providing for citizen mobilization and intervention. It represents an innovative model of intervention, characterized by flexibility of action and project type. It can also flank and complement, if it is adopted in co-production with a public actor, public administration intervention actions regarding the provision of goods and services. Civic crowdfunding touches different spheres and different systems. It is defined as a practice of civic activism, but also of sharing economy and democratization of finance. It can be developed in an independent and autonomous mode, but also with the support of public administration, which can act according to different roles. This thesis paper questions the relationship between civic crowdfunding and public administration as a tool and form of co-production of goods and services, investigating the composition of networks, offline and online, the role of digital platforms and their evolution, and the skills required to start a campaign. Three empirical cases will be analyzed; two of them started as a result of the initiative of the City of Milan, the third initiated in London. The chosen projects differ in place, context, theme and evolution. Their diversity is intended to be analyzed in order to understand the potential and criticalities of using civic crowdfunding. In addition, they demonstrate how the intervention of public administration neither disappears nor becomes marginal. Civic crowdfunding represents an evolution of the forms and possibilities of civic activism, but the active participation of citizens is not always implied. This paper aims to reflect on the contribution of civic crowdfunding to broadening the possibilities of citizen participation.
L’evoluzione tecnologica e lo sviluppo di Internet hanno consentito l’emergere di nuove possibili Il crowdfunding si basa su un meccanismo semplice, ovvero raccogliere donazioni o piccole somme di denaro da una pluralità di attori, attraverso una piattaforma digitale. Il principio del suo funzionamento ha radici lontane, potendo ricollegare il finanziamento del piedistallo della Statua della Libertà come una tipologia di finanziamento collettivo. Tale strumento prevede di catalizzare lo sforzo economico collettivo, raccolto tramite piattaforma, nella realizzazione di beni e servizi pubblici, e rientra nella categoria di attivismo civico, prevedendo quindi la mobilitazione e l’intervento dei cittadini. Rappresenta un modello di intervento innovativo, caratterizzato da una certa flessibilità di azione e di tipologia di progetto. Esso può inoltre affiancare e completare, qualora sia adoperato in co-produzione con un attore pubblico, azioni di intervento della pubblica amministrazione riguardo la fornitura di beni e servizi. Il crowdfunding civico tocca diverse sfere e diversi sistemi. È definito come pratica di attivismo civico, ma anche di sharing economy e di democratisation of finance. Si può sviluppare secondo una modalità indipendente ed autonoma, ma anche con il supporto dell’amministrazione pubblica, la quale può agire secondo diversi ruoli. Il presente elaborato di tesi si interroga sul rapporto tra il crowdfunding civico e la pubblica amministrazione come strumento e forma di co-produzione di beni e servizi, investigando la composizione delle reti, offline e online, il ruolo delle piattaforme digitali e la loro evoluzione, le competenze richieste per l’avvio di una campagna. Verranno analizzati tre casi empirici; due di essi avviati in seguito all’iniziativa del Comune di Milano, il terzo avviato a Londra. I progetti scelti differenziano per luogo, contesto, tema ed evoluzione. La loro diversità vuole essere analizzata per capire le potenzialità e criticità dell’utilizzo del crowdfunding civico. Inoltre, dimostrano come l’intervento della pubblica amministrazione non scompare né diviene marginale. Il crowdfunding civico rappresenta un’evoluzione delle forme e possibilità di attivismo civico, ma la partecipazione attiva dei cittadini non è sempre sottintesa. Tale elaborato intende riflettere sul contributo del crowdfunding civico ad allargare le possibilità di partecipazione dei cittadini.
Crowdfunding Civico: forme di interazione tra comunità civile e amministrazione pubblica per la co-produzione di beni e servizi
Fumagalli, Alessia
2022/2023
Abstract
Technological evolution and the development of the Internet have enabled the emergence of new possible forms of interaction between the civic community and public administration. Crowdfunding is based on a simple mechanism: collecting donations or small sums of money from a plurality of actors, through a digital platform. The principle of its operation has distant roots, being able to trace the funding of the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty as a type of collective funding. This tool involves catalyzing collective economic effort, collected through a platform, in the realization of public goods and services, and falls under the category of civic activism, thus providing for citizen mobilization and intervention. It represents an innovative model of intervention, characterized by flexibility of action and project type. It can also flank and complement, if it is adopted in co-production with a public actor, public administration intervention actions regarding the provision of goods and services. Civic crowdfunding touches different spheres and different systems. It is defined as a practice of civic activism, but also of sharing economy and democratization of finance. It can be developed in an independent and autonomous mode, but also with the support of public administration, which can act according to different roles. This thesis paper questions the relationship between civic crowdfunding and public administration as a tool and form of co-production of goods and services, investigating the composition of networks, offline and online, the role of digital platforms and their evolution, and the skills required to start a campaign. Three empirical cases will be analyzed; two of them started as a result of the initiative of the City of Milan, the third initiated in London. The chosen projects differ in place, context, theme and evolution. Their diversity is intended to be analyzed in order to understand the potential and criticalities of using civic crowdfunding. In addition, they demonstrate how the intervention of public administration neither disappears nor becomes marginal. Civic crowdfunding represents an evolution of the forms and possibilities of civic activism, but the active participation of citizens is not always implied. This paper aims to reflect on the contribution of civic crowdfunding to broadening the possibilities of citizen participation.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218063