The subject of the present research is the church of San Bassiano, a sacred architecture whose uncertain origins are to be found in the 12th century: it can be placed among the oldest buildings in the Cremona area and offers a unique intertwining of art and history of the territory. The church is located in Pizzighettone, a small walled town located along the banks of the Adda river, not far from its confluence with the Po. Thanks to this strategic position, over the centuries the village has been the protagonist of battles and conquests, in which the church itself has shared with it the alternation between moments of splendor and periods of misery. All this has defined the current appearance of San Bassiano, enriching it with concrete historical evidence, while still preserving part of its original characteristics. The first objective of this thesis was to retrace the complex construction evolution of the church, using the available historical documentation, expanded by personal interpretation where sufficient information has not been identified. Age, modifications that are not always compatible or improve the structure, ground movements and anthropic actions, were the main causes of disturbance that induced alterations in the equilibrium regime in the building. This situation caused the formation of an important crack pattern, which, following a collapse of rubble from the vaults, first required the unusability of the church and then the realization of a first phase of consolidation, waiting for other funds to continue the interventions. The renovation, which took place between 2012 and 2014, involved the complete renovation of the roof of the central nave and the consolidation of the vaults below; This work, supported by preliminary diagnostic investigations, has been described in the course of the thesis. After a decade, we wanted to evaluate the "health" state of the church, through a new visual inspection of the cracks, then compared with the data obtained from previous surveys and from the instrumental monitoring of some cracks, active from 2014 to 2020. These analyzes have made it possible to understand where to continue to direct automatic monitoring, and which are the most urgent interventions to be carried out, so that the church of San Bassiano remains one of the best preserved symbols of Lombard Romanesque architecture for a long time to come.
L’oggetto della presente ricerca è la chiesa di San Bassiano, architettura sacra le cui origini incerte sono da ricercarsi nell’XII secolo: si può collocare tra gli edifici più antichi del cremonese e propone un singolare intreccio tra arte e storia del territorio. La chiesa, infatti, sorge a Pizzighettone, piccola città murata ubicata lungo le rive del fiume Adda, a poca distanza dalla sua confluenza nel Po. Grazie a questa posizione strategica, nel corso dei secoli il borgo è stato protagonista di battaglie e conquiste, nelle quali la stessa chiesa ha condiviso con lui l’alternanza tra momenti di fasto e periodi di miseria. Tutto ciò ha definito l’attuale aspetto di San Bassiano, arricchendolo di testimonianze storiche concrete, pur conservando ancora oggi parte dei caratteri originari. Il primo obiettivo di questa tesi è stato quello di ripercorrere la complessa evoluzione costruttiva della pieve, servendosi della documentazione storica reperibile, ampliata dall’interpretazione personale laddove non sono state individuate informazioni sufficienti. Vetustà, interventi di modifica non sempre compatibili o migliorativi della struttura, moti del terreno e in generale le azioni antropiche, sono state le principali cause perturbatrici che hanno indotto nell’edificio alterazioni nel regime di equilibrio. Questa situazione ha causato la formazione di un importante quadro fessurativo, che a seguito di un crollo di calcinacci dalle volte, ha richiesto prima l’inagibilità della chiesa e poi la realizzazione di una prima fase di consolidamento, in attesa di altri fondi per proseguire gli interventi. La ristrutturazione, avvenuta tra il 2012 e 2014, ha comportato il completo rifacimento della copertura della navata centrale e il consolidamento delle volte sottostanti; tale lavoro, supportato da preliminari indagini diagnostiche, è stato descritto nel corso della tesi. A distanza di un decennio, si è voluto valutare lo stato di “salute” della chiesa, attraverso una nuova ispezione visiva delle lesioni, poi confrontata con i dati ricavati da rilievi precedenti e dal monitoraggio strumentale di alcune fessure, attivo dal 2014 al 2020. Queste analisi hanno permesso di capire dove continuare ad orientare il monitoraggio automatico, e quali siano gli interventi più urgenti da realizzare, affinché la chiesa di San Bassiano rimanga ancora a lungo uno dei simboli meglio conservati dell’architettura romaico lombarda.
Comprendere il passato per salvaguardare il futuro. La complessa ricostruzione storica della chiesa di San Bassiano a Pizzighettone (CR)
Frini, Martina
2022/2023
Abstract
The subject of the present research is the church of San Bassiano, a sacred architecture whose uncertain origins are to be found in the 12th century: it can be placed among the oldest buildings in the Cremona area and offers a unique intertwining of art and history of the territory. The church is located in Pizzighettone, a small walled town located along the banks of the Adda river, not far from its confluence with the Po. Thanks to this strategic position, over the centuries the village has been the protagonist of battles and conquests, in which the church itself has shared with it the alternation between moments of splendor and periods of misery. All this has defined the current appearance of San Bassiano, enriching it with concrete historical evidence, while still preserving part of its original characteristics. The first objective of this thesis was to retrace the complex construction evolution of the church, using the available historical documentation, expanded by personal interpretation where sufficient information has not been identified. Age, modifications that are not always compatible or improve the structure, ground movements and anthropic actions, were the main causes of disturbance that induced alterations in the equilibrium regime in the building. This situation caused the formation of an important crack pattern, which, following a collapse of rubble from the vaults, first required the unusability of the church and then the realization of a first phase of consolidation, waiting for other funds to continue the interventions. The renovation, which took place between 2012 and 2014, involved the complete renovation of the roof of the central nave and the consolidation of the vaults below; This work, supported by preliminary diagnostic investigations, has been described in the course of the thesis. After a decade, we wanted to evaluate the "health" state of the church, through a new visual inspection of the cracks, then compared with the data obtained from previous surveys and from the instrumental monitoring of some cracks, active from 2014 to 2020. These analyzes have made it possible to understand where to continue to direct automatic monitoring, and which are the most urgent interventions to be carried out, so that the church of San Bassiano remains one of the best preserved symbols of Lombard Romanesque architecture for a long time to come.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Frini_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Tesi
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2024_04_Frini_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Tavole quadro fessurativo
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3.52 MB
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2024_04_Frini_03.pdf
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Descrizione: Tavola evoluzione costruttiva
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4.68 MB
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4.68 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218079