Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling (LRC) refers to the frequency and the phase locking of running and breathing. Some studies suggest LRC improves breathing efficiency reducing respiratory muscle fatigue during exercise, but also to be mechanically insignificant with a negligible contribution to tidal volume. In this project it was found a method to evaluate LRC using the only motion analysis system: the respiratory volumes were measured by Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP) and the gait cycle was detected by acceleration signals of one marker placed on the trunk at the height of the L2 vertebra. We analyzed the impact of LRC on ventilatory and thoraco abdominal breathing patterns during different activities. 10 healthy subjects (mean age: 24 years) performed 5 tasks: walking at 4km/h and at 6km/h, uphill walking at 4.5km/h, running at 8km/h and 10km/h for 5’ on a treadmill spontaneously (SB) and with a 2:1 stride-per-breath ratio (CO). The first and the last 90” of exercise were considered for the analysis. It was observed that both the strength of phase coupling and the dominant frequency coupling increased in CO tasks. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation were the two most influenced parameters, they were higher for CO than SB in particular during walking. No changes were found in the thoraco abdominal pattern and in the mean Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion. The coefficient of variation or respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation were reduced by the LRC. Future work could address the effect of SBR different from 2:1 and to investigate if LRC would lead to benefits in ventilation for patient with respiratory diseases, who are not able to perform low intense exercise for a long period of time.
Il Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling (LRC) si riferisce alla sincronizzazione tra il ritmo respiratorio e quello della locomozione. Alcuni studi hanno dimostrato che l’LRC porta ad un miglioramento in termini di efficienza respiratoria, riducendo l’affaticamento dei muscoli respiratori durante l’esercizio fisico, ma potrebbe essere meccanicamente insignificante con un contributo trascurabile al volume corrente. In questa tesi è stato determinato un metodo per l’analisi del LRC utilizzando il solo sistema di analisi di movimento. I volumi polmonari sono stati misurati attraverso la pletismografia optoelettronica (OEP), mentre il ciclo di passo è stato individuato dall’accelerazione di un marker posizionato sulla schiena all’altezza della vertebra lombare L2. Successivamente è stato valutato l’impatto che LRC ha su parametri ventilatori e sui contributi toraco-addominali durante diverse attività. 10 soggetti sani (età media 24 anni) hanno svolto 5 prove: cammino a 4 e 6km/h, camminata in salita a 4.5km/h, corsa a 8 e a 10 km/h per 5’ su un treadmill prima respirando spontaneamente (SB) e successivamente con uno stride-per-breath ratio (SBR) di 2 (CO). Per l’analisi sono stati considerati i primi e gli ultimi 90” di esercizio. Dai risultati si è osservato che la forza di accoppiamento in fase e la percentuale di coupling dominante sono aumentate nelle attività CO. I parametri maggiormente influenzati dal LRC sono la frequenza respiratoria e la ventilazione che aumentano nel caso CO rispetto al caso SB, in particolare durante il cammino. Tuttavia, non sono stati osservate differenze sia nel comportamento toraco-addominale che nello sforzo percepito a livello di respirazione e dalle gambe. Il LRC ha ridotto la variabilità delle frequenza respiratoria, del volume corrente e della ventilazione. Possibili sviluppi futuri possono riguardare l’analisi di SBR diversi da 2 e allargare la ricerca su soggetti con malattie respiratorie, i quali fanno fatica a svolgere attività anche di bassa intensità per lunghi periodi per vedere se l’LRC porti benefici a livello ventilatorio.
Evaluation of Locomotor-Respiratory coupling (LRC) using the motion analysis system
Pozzi, Christian
2022/2023
Abstract
Locomotor-Respiratory Coupling (LRC) refers to the frequency and the phase locking of running and breathing. Some studies suggest LRC improves breathing efficiency reducing respiratory muscle fatigue during exercise, but also to be mechanically insignificant with a negligible contribution to tidal volume. In this project it was found a method to evaluate LRC using the only motion analysis system: the respiratory volumes were measured by Optoelectronic Plethysmography (OEP) and the gait cycle was detected by acceleration signals of one marker placed on the trunk at the height of the L2 vertebra. We analyzed the impact of LRC on ventilatory and thoraco abdominal breathing patterns during different activities. 10 healthy subjects (mean age: 24 years) performed 5 tasks: walking at 4km/h and at 6km/h, uphill walking at 4.5km/h, running at 8km/h and 10km/h for 5’ on a treadmill spontaneously (SB) and with a 2:1 stride-per-breath ratio (CO). The first and the last 90” of exercise were considered for the analysis. It was observed that both the strength of phase coupling and the dominant frequency coupling increased in CO tasks. Respiratory rate and minute ventilation were the two most influenced parameters, they were higher for CO than SB in particular during walking. No changes were found in the thoraco abdominal pattern and in the mean Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion. The coefficient of variation or respiratory rate, tidal volume and minute ventilation were reduced by the LRC. Future work could address the effect of SBR different from 2:1 and to investigate if LRC would lead to benefits in ventilation for patient with respiratory diseases, who are not able to perform low intense exercise for a long period of time.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Pozzi_Tesi_01.pdf
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2024_04_Pozzi_ExecutiveSummary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218207