Future fusion reactors are expected to sustain thermonuclear conditions through the heat provided by energetic alpha particles produced by the fusion reaction itself. Appropriate confinement should be ensured in order to maintain the plasma burning and avoid dangerous losses to the device walls. However, energetic alphas can interact resonantly with Alfvén eigenmodes and drive them unstable causing loss of confinement. These discrete weakly damped modes arise in the gaps formed in Alfvén continuum and their stability towards fast ions resonant interaction has been largely studied in the incompressible regime. Toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) are a widely known example of resonantly unstable gap modes. Yet, when compressibility, toroidicity and plasma shaping are taken into account, new gaps and their relative modes arise. These high-order geodesic Alfvén eigenmodes (HOGAEs) lie in a comparable frequency range to the one of TAEs and can be subject to the same resonant interaction. This work aims to study the linear stability of shear-acoustic coupled modes in the presence of an energetic alpha population. The stability assessment is performed generating three versions of the ITER 15 MA baseline scenario using the code HELENA. A set of toroidal mode number is selected and their continua and gap eigenmodes are computed using CASTOR. The drive/damping contributions of the fast alphas and bulk thermal ions is evaluated by means of the hybrid MHD-gyrokinetic code CASTOR-K. HOGAEs result to be stable in the three scenarios, however their stability is shown to be sensitive to the density of alpha particles. The effect of compressibility is studied by comparing compressible and incompressible TAEs growth rates, showing a clear stabilizing effect.
I futuri reattori a fusione dovranno sostenere condizioni termonucleari grazie al calore fornito dalle particelle alfa energetiche prodotte dalla reazione di fusione stessa. Per mantenere il burning plasma ed evitare pericolose perdite sulle pareti del dispositivo, è necessario garantire un adeguato confinamento. Tuttavia, le particelle alfa energetiche possono interagire in modo risonante con i modi di Alfvén e renderli instabili, causando perdita di confinamento. Questi modi discreti e debolmente smorzati si formano nelle lacune del continuum di Alfvén e la loro stabilità nei confronti dell’interazione risonante con ioni veloci è stata ampiamente studiata nel regime incomprimibile. I modi di Alfvén indotti dalla toroidicità (TAE) sono un esempio ampiamente noto di modi di lacuna che vengono destabilizzati dall’interazione risonante. Tuttavia, quando si tiene conto della comprimibilità, della toroidicità e della modellazione del plasma, emergono nuove lacune e i relativi modi. Questi high-order geodesic Alfvén eigenmodes (HOGAE) si trovano in un intervallo di frequenze paragonabile a quello dei TAE e possono essere soggetti alla stessa interazione risonante. Questo lavoro si propone di studiare la stabilità lineare dei modi accoppiati shear-acustic in presenza di una popolazione alfa energetica. La valutazione della stabilità viene eseguita generando tre versioni dello scenario di base ITER 15 MA utilizzando il codice HELENA. Dopo aver selezionato un set di numeri toroidali, i continui e i relativi eigenmodes sono calcolati utilizzando il codice CASTOR. I contributi di drive/damping delle particelle alfa veloci e degli ioni termici di bulk sono valutati mediante il codice ibrido MHD-gyrokinetic CASTOR-K. Gli HOGAE risultano stabili nei tre scenari, ma la loro stabilità si dimostra sensibile alla densità delle particelle alfa. L’effetto della comprimibilità è studiato confrontando i tassi di crescita dei TAE comprimibili e incomprimibili, mostrando un chiaro effetto stabilizzante.
Stability of coupled shear-acoustic Alfvén eigenmodes in burning plasmas
Bianconi, Dora
2022/2023
Abstract
Future fusion reactors are expected to sustain thermonuclear conditions through the heat provided by energetic alpha particles produced by the fusion reaction itself. Appropriate confinement should be ensured in order to maintain the plasma burning and avoid dangerous losses to the device walls. However, energetic alphas can interact resonantly with Alfvén eigenmodes and drive them unstable causing loss of confinement. These discrete weakly damped modes arise in the gaps formed in Alfvén continuum and their stability towards fast ions resonant interaction has been largely studied in the incompressible regime. Toroidicity induced Alfvén eigenmodes (TAEs) are a widely known example of resonantly unstable gap modes. Yet, when compressibility, toroidicity and plasma shaping are taken into account, new gaps and their relative modes arise. These high-order geodesic Alfvén eigenmodes (HOGAEs) lie in a comparable frequency range to the one of TAEs and can be subject to the same resonant interaction. This work aims to study the linear stability of shear-acoustic coupled modes in the presence of an energetic alpha population. The stability assessment is performed generating three versions of the ITER 15 MA baseline scenario using the code HELENA. A set of toroidal mode number is selected and their continua and gap eigenmodes are computed using CASTOR. The drive/damping contributions of the fast alphas and bulk thermal ions is evaluated by means of the hybrid MHD-gyrokinetic code CASTOR-K. HOGAEs result to be stable in the three scenarios, however their stability is shown to be sensitive to the density of alpha particles. The effect of compressibility is studied by comparing compressible and incompressible TAEs growth rates, showing a clear stabilizing effect.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218290