In the renewable energy scenario, wind turbines represent a valid solution to generate clean electrical power. To approach the wind energy topic, the blade element momentum (BEM) theory is one of the most important approaches to evaluate the power extractable from the available wind resource. This method is suitable to different analytical implementations which, depending on the assumptions adopted, guarantee different accuracy-levels regarding the aerodynamic behaviour of wind turbines. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are the most common type of wind machines. For this reason, the USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed OpenFAST, which is a software implementing an advanced version of the BEM method to simulate different aspects of a single on-shore or off-shore HAWT. This dissertation focuses on the modelling capabilities of the advanced BEM method implemented within OpenFAST, which has been used to compare the performances of various on-shore turbine configurations. This approach can also be exploited during the pre-design of real-life machines. Wind turbines are commonly located in wind farms, where the wind resource of each turbine is affected by the presence of the ones nearby. To simulate the performances of wind farms, NREL developed FAST.Farm, which is a software that accounts for the mutual interaction between the turbines by means of different models. FAST.Farm exploits OpenFAST to characterize the behaviour of the single turbines. Starting from the analysis performed through OpenFAST, it has been performed the analysis of an on-shore wind farm consisting of two turbines by means of FAST.Farm. Finally, some optimization strategies have been compared.
La produzione di energia elettrica a partire dalla fonte eolica è una delle soluzioni più diffuse nel mondo delle energie rinnovabili. Il metodo BEM (Blade Element Momentum), data la sua semplicità, è uno degli approcci più importanti per valutare il valore dell'energia eolica estraibile dalla fonte eolica disponibile. Questo suo tratto distintivo lo rende un metodo adatto a differenti implementazioni analitiche che, in base ai modelli adottati, garantiscono diversi livelli di accuratezza riguardo il comportamento aerodinamico delle turbine eoliche. Il “National Renewable Energy Laboratory” statunitense (NREL) ha sviluppato OpenFAST, un software che implementa una versione avanzata del metodo BEM, ed è in grado di caratterizzare, ad esempio, le prestazioni delle HAWT dal punto di vista aerodinamico e strutturale. Generalmente le turbine eoliche sono situate all’interno di parchi eolici di varia grandezza: in questo caso le prestazioni delle singole turbine dipendono non solo dalla risorsa eolica disponibile, ma anche dalla loro distanza reciproca. FAST.Farm è un software, sempre sviluppato da NREL, in grado di stimare le performance di un parco eolico. Questo codice è un’estensione di OpenFAST e, tramite vari modelli, simula gli effetti della mutua interazione delle turbine presenti. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è il confronto di varie configurazioni di HAWT tramite il metodo BEM implementato da OpenFAST e come, a valle di questa analisi, questo software può essere sfruttato per il pre-dimensionamento di turbine reali. Infine, è stata effettuata l'analisi di un parco eolico on-shore composto da due turbine tramite FAST.Farm, seguita dal confronto di alcune strategie di ottimizzazione di base.
An innovative approach to horizontal axis wind turbines with an enhanced BEM method throught OpenFAST and FAST.Farm
Corallo, Daniele
2022/2023
Abstract
In the renewable energy scenario, wind turbines represent a valid solution to generate clean electrical power. To approach the wind energy topic, the blade element momentum (BEM) theory is one of the most important approaches to evaluate the power extractable from the available wind resource. This method is suitable to different analytical implementations which, depending on the assumptions adopted, guarantee different accuracy-levels regarding the aerodynamic behaviour of wind turbines. Horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs) are the most common type of wind machines. For this reason, the USA National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed OpenFAST, which is a software implementing an advanced version of the BEM method to simulate different aspects of a single on-shore or off-shore HAWT. This dissertation focuses on the modelling capabilities of the advanced BEM method implemented within OpenFAST, which has been used to compare the performances of various on-shore turbine configurations. This approach can also be exploited during the pre-design of real-life machines. Wind turbines are commonly located in wind farms, where the wind resource of each turbine is affected by the presence of the ones nearby. To simulate the performances of wind farms, NREL developed FAST.Farm, which is a software that accounts for the mutual interaction between the turbines by means of different models. FAST.Farm exploits OpenFAST to characterize the behaviour of the single turbines. Starting from the analysis performed through OpenFAST, it has been performed the analysis of an on-shore wind farm consisting of two turbines by means of FAST.Farm. Finally, some optimization strategies have been compared.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Corallo_Tesi.pdf
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2024_04_Corallo_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218326