The world of nanomagnetism is opening roads to improve many fields like medicine, electronics and data storage. This thesis focuses on the application of the Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) technique to study chiral nanopatterned spin textures. The study was conducted on a magnetic permalloy multilayer sample presenting both exchange bias and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI). The DMI stabilizes one domain wall chirality. The exchange bias is the property exploited for the phase nanoengineering technique applied by Direct Laser Writing (DLW): different rectangles were patterned on the sample, allowing for a controlled study of the chiral domain walls. The work started with an analytical model which successfully predicts a difference in the MFM image obtained when measuring a left Néel wall and a Right Néel wall. Furthermore, a difference in the response to a magnetic field parallel to the wall is predicted depending on its chirality. These predictions were confirmed with some micromagnetic simulations. A further study was conducted in the simulations on domain walls getting closer to each other. The results were then tested by experimentally performing MFM measurements on the sample patterned with DLW, analyzing both single domain walls and domain walls at a decreasing distance. Since the sample only presented right Néel wall chirality, while the MFM images were in accordance with the previous results, the difference with a left Néel wall could not be tested. The MFM measurements were then carried out with a generator module used to apply a magnetic field. The results obtained weren't in accord with the theoretical, probably due to a non monodirectional field generation and to the magnetization of the tip. Finally, a study on a grid of domain walls at decreasing distance was conducted, comparing the results with the simulations. The grid of patterns were considered promising for the calibration of instruments like the MFM and the NV center magnetometry. Although it wasn't observed yet, this thesis showed great potential in detecting the chirality of the domain walls through MFM.
Il mondo del nanomagnetismo sta aprendo strade nello sviluppo di molti campi come la medicina, l'elettronica o l'archiviazione di dati. Questa tesi si concentra sull'applicazione della Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) per lo studio di nanopattern di spin textures chirali. Lo studio è stato condotto su un campione multistrato basato su una lega metallica magnetica che presenta sia exchange bias che Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI). La DMI stabilizza pareti di dominio di una chiralità. L'exchange bias è stata sfruttata dalla tecnica di phase nanoengineering applicata tramite la scrittura con un laser: diversi pattern rettangolari sono stati scritti sul campione, permettendo uno studio controllato delle pareti di dominio. Il lavoro è iniziato producendo un modello analitico che predicesse una differenza nell'immagine ottenuta tramite la misura MFM di una parete di dominio di Néel sinistra e destra, sia in presenza che in assenza di un campo magnetico parallelo alla parete di dominio. Questi risultati sono poi stati confermati tramite simulazioni micromagnetiche. Nelle simulazioni è stato poi condotto uno studio su pareti di dominio che si avvicinano gradualmente. I precedenti risultati sono poi stati messi alla prova tramite misure MFM sperimentali dei campioni patternati. Dato che il campione presentava solo la chiralità Néel destra, mentre i risultati combaciavano con una parete Néel destra, non è stato possibile compararli con una parete Néel sinistra. Le misure MFM sono poi state condotte con un generatore di campo magnetico. Questi risultati non combaciavano con la teoria e le simulazioni, probabilmente a causa del campo prodotto dal generatore che aveva componenti in direzioni non desiderate o per via della magnetizzazione della punta. Infine è stato condotto uno studio sulle successioni di pareti di dominio a distanza decrescente comparandole alle simulazioni e concludendo che siano promettenti per la calibrazione di strumenti come la MFM o la NV center magnetometry. Seppure non lo ha dimostrato sperimentalmente, questa tesi ha mostrato un potenziale metodo per distinguere la chiralità delle pareti di dominio con la MFM.
Magnetic force microscopy imaging of chiral nanopatterned spin textures
BOVA, MASSIMILIANO
2023/2024
Abstract
The world of nanomagnetism is opening roads to improve many fields like medicine, electronics and data storage. This thesis focuses on the application of the Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) technique to study chiral nanopatterned spin textures. The study was conducted on a magnetic permalloy multilayer sample presenting both exchange bias and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI). The DMI stabilizes one domain wall chirality. The exchange bias is the property exploited for the phase nanoengineering technique applied by Direct Laser Writing (DLW): different rectangles were patterned on the sample, allowing for a controlled study of the chiral domain walls. The work started with an analytical model which successfully predicts a difference in the MFM image obtained when measuring a left Néel wall and a Right Néel wall. Furthermore, a difference in the response to a magnetic field parallel to the wall is predicted depending on its chirality. These predictions were confirmed with some micromagnetic simulations. A further study was conducted in the simulations on domain walls getting closer to each other. The results were then tested by experimentally performing MFM measurements on the sample patterned with DLW, analyzing both single domain walls and domain walls at a decreasing distance. Since the sample only presented right Néel wall chirality, while the MFM images were in accordance with the previous results, the difference with a left Néel wall could not be tested. The MFM measurements were then carried out with a generator module used to apply a magnetic field. The results obtained weren't in accord with the theoretical, probably due to a non monodirectional field generation and to the magnetization of the tip. Finally, a study on a grid of domain walls at decreasing distance was conducted, comparing the results with the simulations. The grid of patterns were considered promising for the calibration of instruments like the MFM and the NV center magnetometry. Although it wasn't observed yet, this thesis showed great potential in detecting the chirality of the domain walls through MFM.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Bova_Tesi_01.pdf
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2024_04_Bova_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218342