Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a viable alternative in recent years for atrial fibrillation, which is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. LAAO is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the implantation of an occluder device. Despite the high success rate of this procedure, there are pre-, intra- and post-procedural challenges that may arise. In this scenario, the use of numerical models can be highly advantageous, providing the surgeons with a deep insight into the clinical procedure. The majority of studies focus on computational fluid dynamics simulations. On the contrary there are very few works about Finite Element Analysis (FEA), that either lack important details on the adopted numerical approaches or are characterized by a reduced degree of realism. This study introduces a FE model of LAAO with the aim of investigating various clinical scenarios. To reach this purpose, virtual models of patient-specific anatomies and of the WATCHMAN FLX device are needed. Firstly, a well-defined pipeline was followed to numerically replicate the real implant procedure in every relevant step. Ad-hoc Matlab codes were developed to assess the implant outcome by looking at clinical indicators used by the clinician to assess the presence of drawbacks (e.g., peridevice leaks or device-related thrombosis). Once the overall pathway to simulate the LAAO and to evaluate the results has been assessed, the most suitable FE model of the device was investigated in view of guarantee a compromise between accuracy of results and computational time needed to perform numerical simulation. Namely, the influence of the anchoring hooks and the covering fabric, featuring the design of the WATCHMAN FLX device was investigated. The results highlighted the relevance of the former component and allowed to neglect the contribution of the latter. Subsequently, the role of atrial wall stiffness and the influence of different device sizes in various patient-specific scenarios was investigated. A crucial role of wall mechanical properties emerged, and the selection of the device size was found to be essential in ensuring a proper occlusion of the anatomy.
L’occlusione dell’appendice atriale sinistra (LAAO) è emersa come un’ottima alternativa per trattare la fibrillazione atriale, il tipo più comune di aritmia cardiaca. Si tratta di una procedura mininvasiva che prevede l’impianto di un dispositivo di occlusione. Nonostante un alto tasso di successo, possono presentarsi problematiche pre-, intra- e post-operatorie. In questo scenario, l’uso di strumenti numerici può essere vantaggioso e di grande aiuto al clinico. La maggior parte degli studi presenti in letteratura riguardano simulazioni di fluidodinamica computazionale. Al contrario, ci sono pochi lavori che si basano sull’Analisi ad Elementi Finiti (FEA), questi mancano di importanti dettagli sugli approcci numerici adottati o sono caratterizzati da un ridotto livello di realismo. Questo studio introduce un modello FE della LAAO con l’obiettivo di investigare vari scenari clinici. Per raggiungere questo scopo sono necessari modelli virtuali di anatomie paziente-specifico e del dispositivo WATCHMAN FLX. In primo luogo, è stata seguita una pipeline per replicare numericamente la reale procedura di impianto. Sono stati sviluppati dei codici Matlab per valutare l’esito dell’impianto osservando indicatori clinici utilizzati dal clinico per valutare la presenza di eventuali complicazioni come “peri-device leak” e “device-related thrombosis”. Successivamente, è stato investigato il modello ad elementi finiti più adatto del dispositivo al fine di garantire un compromesso tra accuratezza dei risultati e tempo computazionale necessario per la simulazione numerica. In particolare, è stata valutata l’influenza degli uncini e del tessuto, i quali caratterizzano il design del dispositivo WATCHMAN FLX. I risultati hanno evidenziato l’importanza del primo componente ed hanno permesso di trascurare il contributo del secondo. Successivamente è stato investigato il ruolo della rigidezza della parete atriale e l’influenza di diverse taglie del dispositivo in vari scenari paziente-specifici. È emerso un ruolo cruciale delle proprietà meccaniche della parete e la selezione della taglia del dispositivo è risultata essenziale per garantire una corretta occlusione dell’anatomia.
Occlusione dell'appendice atriale sinistra: modello numerico per la simulazione della procedura di impianto in scenari paziente-specifici
COLELLA, ANDREA;Vitozzi, Alessandro
2022/2023
Abstract
Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion (LAAO) has emerged as a viable alternative in recent years for atrial fibrillation, which is the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia worldwide. LAAO is a minimally invasive procedure that involves the implantation of an occluder device. Despite the high success rate of this procedure, there are pre-, intra- and post-procedural challenges that may arise. In this scenario, the use of numerical models can be highly advantageous, providing the surgeons with a deep insight into the clinical procedure. The majority of studies focus on computational fluid dynamics simulations. On the contrary there are very few works about Finite Element Analysis (FEA), that either lack important details on the adopted numerical approaches or are characterized by a reduced degree of realism. This study introduces a FE model of LAAO with the aim of investigating various clinical scenarios. To reach this purpose, virtual models of patient-specific anatomies and of the WATCHMAN FLX device are needed. Firstly, a well-defined pipeline was followed to numerically replicate the real implant procedure in every relevant step. Ad-hoc Matlab codes were developed to assess the implant outcome by looking at clinical indicators used by the clinician to assess the presence of drawbacks (e.g., peridevice leaks or device-related thrombosis). Once the overall pathway to simulate the LAAO and to evaluate the results has been assessed, the most suitable FE model of the device was investigated in view of guarantee a compromise between accuracy of results and computational time needed to perform numerical simulation. Namely, the influence of the anchoring hooks and the covering fabric, featuring the design of the WATCHMAN FLX device was investigated. The results highlighted the relevance of the former component and allowed to neglect the contribution of the latter. Subsequently, the role of atrial wall stiffness and the influence of different device sizes in various patient-specific scenarios was investigated. A crucial role of wall mechanical properties emerged, and the selection of the device size was found to be essential in ensuring a proper occlusion of the anatomy.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Colella_Vitozzi_Tesi_01.pdf
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2024_04_Colella_Vitozzi_Executive_Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/218509