The main goal of this work is to assess the role played by domestic regulations and international trade agreements on the growth of e-commerce. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the different national regulations was conducted, taking as benchmark the domestic regulatory frameworks and international trade agreements of three of the leading countries in digital trade (United States, European Union and China). The objective is to examine the different approaches adopted, identifying their respective points of convergence and divergence and evaluating the impact of the regulatory environment of these countries on the growth, development and diffusion of ecommerce in their domestic markets. A similar approach is adopted in reviewing the existing regional trade agreements on e-commerce by comparing the different provisions and the compatibility of different countries' priorities in the perspective of a multilateral agreement. What emerges from this work is the positive impact that national regulations have had, along with other factors, in the development of the e-commerce sector. More specifically, the role played by national regulatory framework in fostering digital transactions, supporting businesses moving online and building consumer trust in the e-commerce environment. In this perspective, the analysis of the international trade agreements signed by the respective countries has highlighted the difficulty of reconciling the different priorities in terms of e-commerce in order to harmonize the rules on a multilateral basis and foster the growth of cross-border e-commerce. However, the emergence of an opening toward more moderate approaches might give hope of finding basic common ground between the main actors. The different countries seems to be aiming at a moderation of their positions and a slight shift towards more balanced approaches. In this context, policymakers and regulators, both domestically and internationally, need to work to find sound regulatory solutions that are in line with their public policy interests, their governments' implementation capacity, and harmonized with their international partners, in order to facilitate access to global markets and sustain the growth of electronic commerce.
L'obiettivo principale di questo lavoro è valutare il ruolo svolto dalle normative nazionali e dagli accordi commerciali internazionali sulla crescita del commercio elettronico. A tal fine, è stata condotta un'analisi comparativa delle diverse normative nazionali, prendendo come riferimento i quadri normativi nazionali e gli accordi commerciali internazionali di tre dei Paesi leader nel commercio digitale (Stati Uniti, Unione Europea e Cina). L'obiettivo è quello di esaminare i diversi approcci adottati, identificando i rispettivi punti di convergenza e divergenza e valutando l'impatto del contesto normativo di questi Paesi sulla crescita, lo sviluppo e la diffusione del commercio elettronico nei loro mercati nazionali. Un approccio simile è stato adottato nella revisione degli accordi commerciali regionali esistenti sul commercio elettronico, confrontando le diverse disposizioni e la compatibilità delle priorità dei diversi Paesi nella prospettiva di un accordo multilaterale. Ciò che emerge da questo lavoro è l'impatto positivo che le normative nazionali hanno avuto, insieme ad altri fattori, nello sviluppo del settore del commercio elettronico. In particolare, il ruolo svolto dal quadro normativo nazionale nel promuovere le transazioni digitali, nel sostenere le imprese che si spostano online e nel costruire la fiducia dei consumatori nell'ambiente del commercio elettronico. In questa prospettiva, l'analisi degli accordi commerciali internazionali firmati dai rispettivi Paesi, ha evidenziato la difficoltà di conciliare le diverse priorità in termini di commercio elettronico per armonizzare le regole su base multilaterale e favorire la crescita del commercio elettronico transfrontaliero. Tuttavia, l'emergere di un'apertura verso approcci più moderati potrebbe far sperare di trovare un terreno comune di base tra i principali attori. I diversi Paesi sembrano puntare a una moderazione delle loro posizioni e a un leggero spostamento verso approcci più equilibrati. In questo contesto, i responsabili politici e le autorità di regolamentazione, sia a livello nazionale che internazionale, devono lavorare per trovare soluzioni normative valide che siano in linea con i loro interessi di politica pubblica, con la capacità di attuazione dei loro governi e armonizzate con i loro partner internazionali, al fine di facilitare l'accesso ai mercati globali e sostenere la crescita del commercio elettronico.
Electronic commerce across countries: analysis of the role played by regulatory frameworks and international agreements
Volpe, Andrea
2022/2023
Abstract
The main goal of this work is to assess the role played by domestic regulations and international trade agreements on the growth of e-commerce. For this purpose, a comparative analysis of the different national regulations was conducted, taking as benchmark the domestic regulatory frameworks and international trade agreements of three of the leading countries in digital trade (United States, European Union and China). The objective is to examine the different approaches adopted, identifying their respective points of convergence and divergence and evaluating the impact of the regulatory environment of these countries on the growth, development and diffusion of ecommerce in their domestic markets. A similar approach is adopted in reviewing the existing regional trade agreements on e-commerce by comparing the different provisions and the compatibility of different countries' priorities in the perspective of a multilateral agreement. What emerges from this work is the positive impact that national regulations have had, along with other factors, in the development of the e-commerce sector. More specifically, the role played by national regulatory framework in fostering digital transactions, supporting businesses moving online and building consumer trust in the e-commerce environment. In this perspective, the analysis of the international trade agreements signed by the respective countries has highlighted the difficulty of reconciling the different priorities in terms of e-commerce in order to harmonize the rules on a multilateral basis and foster the growth of cross-border e-commerce. However, the emergence of an opening toward more moderate approaches might give hope of finding basic common ground between the main actors. The different countries seems to be aiming at a moderation of their positions and a slight shift towards more balanced approaches. In this context, policymakers and regulators, both domestically and internationally, need to work to find sound regulatory solutions that are in line with their public policy interests, their governments' implementation capacity, and harmonized with their international partners, in order to facilitate access to global markets and sustain the growth of electronic commerce.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219052