Bispidines, also known as 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, are heterocyclic compounds consisting of two fused piperidine nuclei. Due to their ability to adopt different conformations, they are able to interact with other chemical entities, such as biological receptors or metal cations. Bispidines prove to be effective catalysts in numerous chemical reactions due to their versatility and ability to coordinate metals. Furthermore, depending on the substituents used, they exhibit antimicrobial activities. Guanidins, on the other hand, are nitrogen-rich small organic molecules, part of the side chain of some natural amino acids, capable of establishing non-covalent bonds with proteins and other biological targets. With a significant role in pharmaceutical chemistry, guanidins are used in several antimicrobial agents, often contributing crucially to the biological activity of the structures that enclose them. Hence, this study focuses on the synthesis of novel bispidin derivatives decorated with guanidine groups in order to obtain molecules with potentially high antimicrobial activity. A multi-step synthetic process was therefore developed, which included the synthesis of already known bispidine derivatives, such as 3,7-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one, while optimising the procedures and integrating new purification methods to obtain crystals that were subsequently analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Novel reaction intermediates were also identified and characterised, enabling new research perspectives such as biological analysis and potential applications in catalysis. Guanidylating agents were successfully employed in the last synthesis step to enable the target guanidino-bispidinium structures to be obtained. Subsequent developments include the use of the synthesised derivatives in cytotoxicity tests on human cell lines and antimicrobial tests on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.
Le bispidine, conosciute anche come 3,7-diazabiciclo[3.3.1]nonani, sono composti eterociclici costituiti da due nuclei di piperidina fusi. Grazie alla loro capacità di adottare diverse conformazioni, sono in grado di interagire con altre entità chimiche, come recettori biologici o cationi metallici. Le bispidine si rivelano catalizzatori efficaci in numerose reazioni chimiche, grazie alla loro versatilità e alla capacità di coordinare i metalli. Inoltre, a seconda dei sostituenti utilizzati, manifestano attività antimicrobiche. Le guanidine, invece, sono piccole molecole organiche ricche di azoto, parte della catena laterale di alcuni amminoacidi naturali, in grado di stabilire legami non covalenti con proteine e altri bersagli biologici. Con un ruolo significativo nella chimica farmaceutica, le guanidine sono impiegate in diversi agenti antimicrobici, contribuendo spesso in modo cruciale all’attività biologica delle strutture che le racchiudono. Date queste premesse, questo studio si concentra sulla sintesi di nuovi derivati bispidinici decorati con gruppi guanidinici, allo scopo di ottenere molecole con potenziale alta attività antimicrobica. È stato pertanto sviluppato un processo sintetico multi-step, che ha incluso la sintesi di derivati bispidinici già noti, come il 3,7-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one, ottimizzandone tuttavia le procedure e integrando nuovi metodi di purificazione per ottenere cristalli che sono stati successivamente analizzati con tecnica di diffrazione ai raggi X su cristallo singolo. Sono stati inoltre identificati e caratterizzati intermedi di reazione inediti, aprendo nuove prospettive di ricerca, come l'analisi biologica e potenziali applicazioni nella catalisi. Diversi agenti guanidilanti sono stati impiegati con successo come ultimo step di sintesi per consentire l’ottenimento delle strutture guanidino-bispidinica target. Successivi sviluppi prevedono l’impiego dei derivati sintetizzati in test di citotossicità su linee cellulari umane e test antimicrobici su ceppi batterici Gram-positivi e Gram-negativi.
Synthesis and characterization of novel guanidino-bispidinone derivatives as promising antimicrobial lead compounds
MARCOLLI, GIULIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Bispidines, also known as 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes, are heterocyclic compounds consisting of two fused piperidine nuclei. Due to their ability to adopt different conformations, they are able to interact with other chemical entities, such as biological receptors or metal cations. Bispidines prove to be effective catalysts in numerous chemical reactions due to their versatility and ability to coordinate metals. Furthermore, depending on the substituents used, they exhibit antimicrobial activities. Guanidins, on the other hand, are nitrogen-rich small organic molecules, part of the side chain of some natural amino acids, capable of establishing non-covalent bonds with proteins and other biological targets. With a significant role in pharmaceutical chemistry, guanidins are used in several antimicrobial agents, often contributing crucially to the biological activity of the structures that enclose them. Hence, this study focuses on the synthesis of novel bispidin derivatives decorated with guanidine groups in order to obtain molecules with potentially high antimicrobial activity. A multi-step synthetic process was therefore developed, which included the synthesis of already known bispidine derivatives, such as 3,7-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,5-diphenyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonan-9-one, while optimising the procedures and integrating new purification methods to obtain crystals that were subsequently analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Novel reaction intermediates were also identified and characterised, enabling new research perspectives such as biological analysis and potential applications in catalysis. Guanidylating agents were successfully employed in the last synthesis step to enable the target guanidino-bispidinium structures to be obtained. Subsequent developments include the use of the synthesised derivatives in cytotoxicity tests on human cell lines and antimicrobial tests on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2024_04_Marcolli_Tesi.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati a partire dal 19/03/2027
Descrizione: Tesi di Laurea Magistrale
Dimensione
14.92 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
14.92 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2024_04_Marcolli_Executive Summary.pdf
solo utenti autorizzati a partire dal 19/03/2027
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
989.15 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
989.15 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219200