In this work we want to study the ultrafast relaxation dynamics in excited states of different molecular systems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these processes is fundamental in the development of molecular based electronic devices with an ultrafast response The relaxation processes of the excited states is in the order of femtoseconds. To access to these dynamics, two characteristics are required: high energy and temporal resolution. The technique exploited in this experiment is time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES). The pump is an ultra-violet (UV) beam which excites the electrons of the molecules. Their dynamics are projected in the electronic continuum with an extreme ultra-violet (XUV) light source. The XUV source is obtained by monochromatizing high harmonic generation radiation with a time-delay compensated monochromator (TDCM). The photo-electrons are collected by a time of flight (TOF) spectrometer, allowing us to perform energy and time-resolved measurements. The molecules under investigation are benzaldehyde (BZA), 4-tolualdehyde (4TOL), 3- tolualdehyde (3TOL) and 2-tolualdehyde (2TOL). To study their dynamics, governed by conical intersections, we have indeed selectively performed methyl substitution on the carbon ring of benzaldehyde. We observe important differences both in the decay times and in the vibrational coherence in the electronic states of the different molecules. This confirms us the ability of TRPES to study the ultrafast dynamics of molecules, and that methyl substitution is an effective way to alter these dynamics, providing many pieces of information useful for their understanding.
Nel presente lavoro, ci proponiamo di studiare le dinamiche di rilassamento ultra-rapide negli stati eccitati di diversi sistemi molecolari. Comprendere i meccanismi sottostanti a tali processi è fondamentale nello sviluppo di dispositivi elettronici basati su molecole con una risposta ultra-rapida. I processi di rilassamento degli stati eccitati avvengono nell’ordine dei femtosecondi. Per accedere a tali dinamiche, sono necessarie due caratteristiche: elevata risoluzione energetica e temporale. La tecnica utilizzata in questo esperimento è spettroscopia di fotoelettroni risolta temporalmente (TRPES). La pompa è un fascio di radiazione ultra-violetta (UV) che eccita gli elettroni delle molecole. Le loro dinamiche sono proiettate nel continuo con una sorgente di fotoni estremamente ultra-violetti (XUV). Questi sono ottenuti monocromizzando la radiazione di armoniche di ordine superiore, utilizzando un monocromatore compensato nel ritardo temporale (TDCM). I fotoelettroni sono raccolti da uno spettrometro a tempo di volo (TOF), consentendoci di effettuare misurazioni sia nel dominio dei tempi e delle energie. Le molecole in studio sono benzaldeide, 4-tolualdeide, 3-tolualdeide e 2-tolualdeide. Per studiare le loro dinamiche, governate da intersezioni coniche, abbiamo eseguito selettivamente una sostituzione metilica sull’anello di carbonio della benzaldeide. Abbiamo rilevato differenze significative sia nei tempi di decadimento degli stati elettronici eccitati sia nelle frequenze delle coerenze vibrazionali. Questo conferma la capacità di TRPES di studiare le dinamiche ultra-rapide delle molecole e che la sostituzione metilica è un modo efficace per alterare tali dinamiche, fornendo molte informazioni utili per la loro comprensione.
Substituent effects in benzaldehyde conical intersection dynamics investigated via time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy
CAGNINELLI, FABIO
2022/2023
Abstract
In this work we want to study the ultrafast relaxation dynamics in excited states of different molecular systems. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these processes is fundamental in the development of molecular based electronic devices with an ultrafast response The relaxation processes of the excited states is in the order of femtoseconds. To access to these dynamics, two characteristics are required: high energy and temporal resolution. The technique exploited in this experiment is time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (TRPES). The pump is an ultra-violet (UV) beam which excites the electrons of the molecules. Their dynamics are projected in the electronic continuum with an extreme ultra-violet (XUV) light source. The XUV source is obtained by monochromatizing high harmonic generation radiation with a time-delay compensated monochromator (TDCM). The photo-electrons are collected by a time of flight (TOF) spectrometer, allowing us to perform energy and time-resolved measurements. The molecules under investigation are benzaldehyde (BZA), 4-tolualdehyde (4TOL), 3- tolualdehyde (3TOL) and 2-tolualdehyde (2TOL). To study their dynamics, governed by conical intersections, we have indeed selectively performed methyl substitution on the carbon ring of benzaldehyde. We observe important differences both in the decay times and in the vibrational coherence in the electronic states of the different molecules. This confirms us the ability of TRPES to study the ultrafast dynamics of molecules, and that methyl substitution is an effective way to alter these dynamics, providing many pieces of information useful for their understanding.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Master_Thesis_Fabio_Cagninelli.pdf
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Descrizione: Master Thesis
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executive_summary_Fabio_Cagninelli.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219267