Plastic food packaging is a major environmental concern, so it is necessary to successfully develop a circular economy for these products to decrease their impact on the environment. This master thesis analyzes the European regulatory framework, highlighting the main measures the European Union (EU) took to address this problem. The challenges that need to be addressed to implement the targets imposed by the EU successfully are then identified: product design, recyclability, the waste collection and sorting system, and the role of consumers. Two of the many existing circularity indices are then analyzed: the Circularity Transition Index (CTI) and Material Circularity Index (MCI). Next, the ability of these to cover all aspects required by the European reporting standard regarding resource use and circular economy is highlighted; for most points, they are quite aligned, however, for the measure of policy use and precise definition of waste content they are not. The MCI of meat packaging (tray and multilayer film) is calculated based on the data collected through the questionnaire. The index indicated a more circular than linear product, MCI >0.5, in the case of 100% recycled PET tray and packaging (tray and flexible film). In contrast, the result for multi-material film is more linear. The index was then also calculated for the meat, which resulted in linear; the same result was obtained by calculating the index for the total system that considers both packaging and meat inside. Finally, it was examined how the MCI can be improved by acting on the different aspects: materials used, end-of-life, and shelf-life extension.
I packaging alimentari in plastica rappresentano una delle principali preoccupazioni a livello ambientale, risulta dunque necessario riuscire a sviluppare un’economia circolare per questi prodotti in modo da diminuirne l’impatto sull’ ambiente. In questo lavoro viene analizzato il quadro normativo europeo evidenziando quali sono le principali misure prese dall’Unione Europea (UE) per affrontare questo problema. Vengono dunque individuate le sfide da affrontare per riuscire a mettere in atto i target imposti dall’UE: design del prodotto, riciclabilità, il sistema di raccolta e selezione dei rifiuti e il ruolo dei consumatori. Vengono poi analizzati due tra i numerosi indici di circolarità esistenti: Circularity Transition Index (CTI) e Material Circularity Index (MCI). In seguito, si evidenzia la capacità di questi di coprire tutti gli aspetti richiesti dallo standard di rendicontazione europea riguardo l’uso di risorse e l’economia circolare; per la maggior parte dei punti risultano abbastanza allineati, tuttavia per la misura dell’utilizzo di policy e definizione precisa del contenuto dei rifiuti non lo sono. Si calcola l’MCI di un imballaggio (vassoio e film multimateriale) per la carne, a seguito della raccolta dati fatta attraverso il questionario creato. L’indice ha indicato un prodotto più circolare che lineare, MCI >0.5, nel caso del vassoio 100% in PET riciclato e per l’imballaggio (vassoio e film flessibile), mentre il risultato per il film multimateriale è più lineare. L’indice è stato calcolato poi anche per la carne all’interno, la quale è risultata lineare; lo stesso risultato è stato ottenuto calcolando l’indice per il sistema totale che considera sia il packaging sia la carne all’interno. La tesi analizza infine in quale modo sia possibile migliorare l’MCI intervenendo sui diversi aspetti: materiali utilizzati, fine vita ed estensione della durata di vita.
The circularity in plastic food packaging : a case study on meat
Grittini, Chiara
2023/2024
Abstract
Plastic food packaging is a major environmental concern, so it is necessary to successfully develop a circular economy for these products to decrease their impact on the environment. This master thesis analyzes the European regulatory framework, highlighting the main measures the European Union (EU) took to address this problem. The challenges that need to be addressed to implement the targets imposed by the EU successfully are then identified: product design, recyclability, the waste collection and sorting system, and the role of consumers. Two of the many existing circularity indices are then analyzed: the Circularity Transition Index (CTI) and Material Circularity Index (MCI). Next, the ability of these to cover all aspects required by the European reporting standard regarding resource use and circular economy is highlighted; for most points, they are quite aligned, however, for the measure of policy use and precise definition of waste content they are not. The MCI of meat packaging (tray and multilayer film) is calculated based on the data collected through the questionnaire. The index indicated a more circular than linear product, MCI >0.5, in the case of 100% recycled PET tray and packaging (tray and flexible film). In contrast, the result for multi-material film is more linear. The index was then also calculated for the meat, which resulted in linear; the same result was obtained by calculating the index for the total system that considers both packaging and meat inside. Finally, it was examined how the MCI can be improved by acting on the different aspects: materials used, end-of-life, and shelf-life extension.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Grittini_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive Summary
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2024_04_Grittini_Tesi_01.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo Tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219311