The phenomenon of climate change is clearly evident, and society is actively seeking innovative technologies to address, or at least mitigate, this challenge, especially in sectors contributing the highest amount of CO_2 emissions, such as transportation. The adoption of renewable energies emerges as one of the main solutions to reduce environmental impact. However, these energy sources have several disadvantages, including their inherent variability, which compromises their effectiveness and reliability in meeting energy demands. It is important to emphasize that these disadvantages can be addressed and mitigated through advanced energy management technologies. Thanks to Power-to-X technology, it is possible to store energy derived from renewable sources for medium to long periods. In pursuit of this goal, the research group at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Liege, with which I collaborated, is designing and developing a pilot plant aimed at producing kerosene, a fuel used in aviation. It harnesses Power-to-X technology, which enables the storage of energy derived from renewable sources for medium to long periods. Power-to-X technology consists of three fundamental steps, including CO_2 capture, water electrolysis to produce H_2, and the synthesis of previously acquired compounds for fuel production, which can take the form of gases or fuels. In particular, the contribution outlined in this research thesis, aims to develop and design two process models on the dynamic point of view: the CO_2 capture plant and the rWGS (reverse-Water Gas Shift) reactor used to produce syngas for further transformation. For the CO_2 capture plant, an effective control strategy is developed, while for the rWGS reactor, a model capable of conducting time-domain simulations is created.
Il fenomeno del cambiamento climatico è chiaramente evidente, e la società sta attivamente cercando nuove tecnologie per affrontare, o almeno attenuare, questa sfida, soprattutto nei settori da cui deriva il maggior quantitativo di emissioni di CO_2, tra cui quello dei trasporti. L'adozione di energie rinnovabili emerge come una delle soluzioni principali per ridurre l'impatto ambientale. Tuttavia, tali fonti energetiche presentano diversi svantaggi, tra cui la loro intrinseca variabilità, che compromette la loro efficacia e affidabilità nel soddisfare le esigenze energetiche. È importante sottolineare che tali svantaggi possono essere affrontati e mitigati attraverso tecnologie avanzate di gestione dell'energia. In merito a tale scopo, il gruppo di ricerca del dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dell’Università di Liegi, con cui ho collaborato, sta progettando e sviluppando un impianto pilota, che mira alla produzione di kerosene, carburante utilizzato nell’aviazione. Esso sfrutta la tecnologia “Power-to-X”, la quale consente di conservare l’energia derivante da fonti rinnovabili per periodi medio-lunghi. La tecnologia Power-to-X si compone di tre step fondamentali, quali la cattura di CO_2, l’ettrolisi di acqua per produrre H_2 e la sintesi dei composti precedentemente acquisiti per la produzione di combustibile, che può assumere forma di gas o di benzine. In particolare, il contributo delineato nella presente tesi di ricerca, mira a sviluppare e progettare due modelli di processo da un punto di vista dinamico, quali quello dell'impianto per la cattura della CO_2 e il reattore rWGS (reverse-Water Gas Shift), usato per produrre gas di sintesi che verrà utilizzato per trasformazioni seguenti. Per l’impianto di cattura della CO_2 viene sviluppata una strategia di controllo efficace, mentre per il reattore rWGS viene creato un modello in grado di processare simulazioni nel tempo.
Dynamic modelling of a carbon re-use process plant
Buchignani, Giulio
2022/2023
Abstract
The phenomenon of climate change is clearly evident, and society is actively seeking innovative technologies to address, or at least mitigate, this challenge, especially in sectors contributing the highest amount of CO_2 emissions, such as transportation. The adoption of renewable energies emerges as one of the main solutions to reduce environmental impact. However, these energy sources have several disadvantages, including their inherent variability, which compromises their effectiveness and reliability in meeting energy demands. It is important to emphasize that these disadvantages can be addressed and mitigated through advanced energy management technologies. Thanks to Power-to-X technology, it is possible to store energy derived from renewable sources for medium to long periods. In pursuit of this goal, the research group at the Department of Chemical Engineering of the University of Liege, with which I collaborated, is designing and developing a pilot plant aimed at producing kerosene, a fuel used in aviation. It harnesses Power-to-X technology, which enables the storage of energy derived from renewable sources for medium to long periods. Power-to-X technology consists of three fundamental steps, including CO_2 capture, water electrolysis to produce H_2, and the synthesis of previously acquired compounds for fuel production, which can take the form of gases or fuels. In particular, the contribution outlined in this research thesis, aims to develop and design two process models on the dynamic point of view: the CO_2 capture plant and the rWGS (reverse-Water Gas Shift) reactor used to produce syngas for further transformation. For the CO_2 capture plant, an effective control strategy is developed, while for the rWGS reactor, a model capable of conducting time-domain simulations is created.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Buchignani_Tesi_01.pdf
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2024_04_Buchignani_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219322