The adoption of sustainable energy solutions has accelerated the global transition towards the reduction of fossil sources. Widely diffused technologies as photovoltaics and wind energy face issues with dispatchability and reliability due to their dependence on natural phenomena. This thesis focuses on the design of a small-scale Linear Fresnel Concentrated Solar Power system with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power block. CSP technology offers the possibility to produce energy on demand thanks to the presence of a storage system. This layout presents a viable solution for the Italian energy landscape, with some similar plants already in operation. The project is a collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and ENEA, providing the solar field's specifications and the location of the site, Priolo Gallo, Sicily. A 5 MW ORC plant operating at medium-high temperatures is chosen. The thesis analyses six main power block configurations, focusing on superheated and saturated configurations with cyclohexane, cyclopentane and toluene as working fluids. The power blocks are modelled through Thermoflex, a software which enables a detailed cycle design, for both design and off-design operation. Additional analyses include the detailed design of the ORC turbine, which is not covered by Thermoflex, performed with MATLAB code PGS-COM, and the turbine's off-design performance integrated into Thermoflex with a script. The study also incorporates other economic models, adopted or compared to the Thermoflex results. A key part of this thesis is the detailed off-design analysis, considering changes in ambient temperature and solar thermal power output. Different operational modes are explored, as sliding pressure or constant pressure with a throttle valve, the off-design efficiency of the turbine, and the optimization of the air fan cooler operation. The performance of the power blocks is implemented in SAM software incorporating the solar field design, to perform an annual simulation and evaluate the economic results. Different cost of electricity are obtained with the minimum values slightly above 200 €/MWh for cyclopentane and cyclohexane superheated power blocks. Ultimately an optimization analysis is carried out by examining different cycle design parameters, as well as the size of power block, solar field, and storage system. The optimization employs a MILP model which optimizes both design and operation of the system, resulting in designs in a size range of 1 MW to 5 MW, with a cost of electricity lower than 200 €/MWh
L'adozione di soluzioni energetiche sostenibili ha accelerato la transizione globale verso la riduzione dell’utilizzo di fonti fossili. Tecnologie ampiamente diffuse come il fotovoltaico e l'energia eolica sono soggette a problemi di dispacciabilità a causa della loro dipendenza da fenomeni naturali. Questa tesi riguarda il design di un impianto solare a concentrazione Linear Fresnel di piccola taglia con un blocco di potenza a ciclo Rankine organico (ORC). La tecnologia CSP offre la possibilità di produrre energia su richiesta grazie alla presenza di un sistema di accumulo. Questo layout rappresenta una possibile soluzione per il panorama energetico italiano, con impianti simili già in funzionamento. Il progetto nasce da una collaborazione tra il Politecnico di Milano ed ENEA, da cui sono fornite le specifiche del campo solare e la località, Priolo Gallo, in Sicilia. È stato scelto un impianto ORC di 5 MW operante a temperature medio-alte. La tesi analizza sei configurazioni principali del blocco di potenza, surriscaldate e sature con cicloesano, ciclopentano e toluene come fluidi di lavoro. I blocchi di potenza sono modellati attraverso Thermoflex, un software che consente la progettazione dettagliata del ciclo, sia per design che per il funzionamento di fuori progetto. Un ulteriore analisi comprende la progettazione della turbina ORC , che non è effettuata da Thermoflex, eseguita con il codice MATLAB PGS-COM, e le prestazioni di fuori progetto della turbina integrate in Thermoflex con uno script. Lo studio comprende anche modelli economici, adottati o confrontati con i risultati del software. La tesi include un’analisi dettagliata di off-design, che considera le variazioni della temperatura ambiente e della produzione di energia termica da parte del campo specchi. Diversi funzionamenti di off-design vengono analizzati, come sliding pressure e mantenimento della pressione di ingresso in turbina costante, l’efficienza della turbina, e l’ottimizzazione del carico al condensatore. Le prestazioni dei blocchi di potenza sono implementate nel software SAM che integra il design del campo solare, per eseguire una simulazione annuale e valutare i risultati economici. Si ottengono diversi costi dell'elettricità, con valori minimi leggermente superiori a 200 €/MWh. Infine, viene effettuata un'analisi esaminando diversi parametri di design del ciclo, nonché le dimensioni del blocco di potenza, del campo solare e del sistema di accumulo. L’analisi impiega un modello MILP che ottimizza sia la progettazione che il funzionamento del sistema, ottenendo taglie comprese tra 1 MW e 5 MW, con un costo dell'elettricità inferiore a 200 €/MWh.
Tecno-economic analysis of Organic Rankine Cycle for CSP applications
Meruzzi, Tommaso
2022/2023
Abstract
The adoption of sustainable energy solutions has accelerated the global transition towards the reduction of fossil sources. Widely diffused technologies as photovoltaics and wind energy face issues with dispatchability and reliability due to their dependence on natural phenomena. This thesis focuses on the design of a small-scale Linear Fresnel Concentrated Solar Power system with an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power block. CSP technology offers the possibility to produce energy on demand thanks to the presence of a storage system. This layout presents a viable solution for the Italian energy landscape, with some similar plants already in operation. The project is a collaboration between Politecnico di Milano and ENEA, providing the solar field's specifications and the location of the site, Priolo Gallo, Sicily. A 5 MW ORC plant operating at medium-high temperatures is chosen. The thesis analyses six main power block configurations, focusing on superheated and saturated configurations with cyclohexane, cyclopentane and toluene as working fluids. The power blocks are modelled through Thermoflex, a software which enables a detailed cycle design, for both design and off-design operation. Additional analyses include the detailed design of the ORC turbine, which is not covered by Thermoflex, performed with MATLAB code PGS-COM, and the turbine's off-design performance integrated into Thermoflex with a script. The study also incorporates other economic models, adopted or compared to the Thermoflex results. A key part of this thesis is the detailed off-design analysis, considering changes in ambient temperature and solar thermal power output. Different operational modes are explored, as sliding pressure or constant pressure with a throttle valve, the off-design efficiency of the turbine, and the optimization of the air fan cooler operation. The performance of the power blocks is implemented in SAM software incorporating the solar field design, to perform an annual simulation and evaluate the economic results. Different cost of electricity are obtained with the minimum values slightly above 200 €/MWh for cyclopentane and cyclohexane superheated power blocks. Ultimately an optimization analysis is carried out by examining different cycle design parameters, as well as the size of power block, solar field, and storage system. The optimization employs a MILP model which optimizes both design and operation of the system, resulting in designs in a size range of 1 MW to 5 MW, with a cost of electricity lower than 200 €/MWhFile | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Meruzzi_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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2024_04_Meruzzi_Tesi_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219526