In the preliminary phases of the design of a spacecraft, it is often needed to perform thousands of simulations to identify the best trade-off among many parameters which characterise the architecture of different subsystems. In these phases of the design, it is important to exploit methods that allow computationally efficient, preliminary simulations of the on-board subsystems. It is deemed interesting to address these techniques applied to the field of attitude dynamics. To characterise the attitude dynamics of a spacecraft, computationally heavy simulations are usually set up and run for a considerable number of cases. To tackle this issue a new technique is introduced in this thesis, called shape-based approach, a method applied in the past to many different fields, one among all the one of orbital mechanics. The shape-based approach has been historically used to generate approximate solutions for low-thrust trajectories. In this master thesis, a new version of this method is developed to apply the shape-based approach in the field of attitude dynamics. To achieve this, first the state of the art about the shape-based method applied to trajectory design is reviewed. A method capable of simulate attitude dynamics exploiting the shape-based approach is developed, supported by the least squares method, and it is tested against some problems selected to check the results in wide range of cases. Finally, the results are commented, and the performances of the method are evaluated to demonstrate its effectiveness. A series of graphical representations of both the dynamics simulated by the various shape functions discussed in this work and the exact solutions expected is presented, together with charts evaluating the accuracy in terms of residual of the least square method, and the computational time. Considerations about the accuracy of the solution and computational time with respect to established approaches are made.
Nella fase preliminare della progettazione di un nuovo veicolo spaziale è spasso necessario eseguire migliaia di simulazioni per determinare il miglior compromesso tra i vari parametri che caratterizzano l'architettura dei differenti sottosistemi. In questa fase del design è importante sfruttare metodi che permettano efficienti simulazioni preliminari dei sistemi di bordo. Si è ritenuto interessante affrontare queste tecniche nel campo della dinamica d'assetto. Per caratterizzare la dinamica di assetto di un veicolo spaziale è necessario predisporre complesse simulazioni che poi andranno eseguite per un numero considerevole di casi. In questa tesi è presentata una nuova tecnica con lo scopo di affrontare questo problema, chiamata shape-based approach, un metodo già sviluppato in passato in molte discipline, soprattutto la meccanica orbitale. Questo metodo è stato storicamente impiegato per generare soluzioni approssimate per manovre low-thrust, come trasferimenti interplanetari, rendez-vous e molti altri. In questa tesi specialistica è sviluppata una nuova versione dello shape-based approach per applicarlo nel campo della simulazione della meccanica d'assetto. Per raggiungere questo obbiettivo, per prima cosa è rivista la ricerca già svolta riguardante l'applicazione di questo metodo nell'ambito della meccanica orbitale. Viene poi sviluppato un metodo capace di simulare la dinamica d'assetto sfruttando lo shape-based approach e la minimizzazione nel senso dei minimi quadrati, che verrà testato attraverso alcuni problemi selezionati per verificare i risultati ottenuti in un'ampia gamma di casi. I risultati sono commentati e le prestazioni del metodo sono valutate per dimostrarne l'efficacia. Sono presentati una serie di grafici rappresentanti la soluzione derivata con lo shape-based approach e quella attesa, inoltre viene mostrata la performance in termini di accuratezza e tempo computazionale. Vengono formulate considerazioni riguardanti l'accuratezza delle soluzioni in termini di residuo del metodo ai minimi quadrati, e il tempo computazionale necessario rispetto ai metodi di risoluzione tradizionali.
The shape-based method as a new approach to preliminary simulation of spacecraft attitude dynamics
Perani, Davide
2023/2024
Abstract
In the preliminary phases of the design of a spacecraft, it is often needed to perform thousands of simulations to identify the best trade-off among many parameters which characterise the architecture of different subsystems. In these phases of the design, it is important to exploit methods that allow computationally efficient, preliminary simulations of the on-board subsystems. It is deemed interesting to address these techniques applied to the field of attitude dynamics. To characterise the attitude dynamics of a spacecraft, computationally heavy simulations are usually set up and run for a considerable number of cases. To tackle this issue a new technique is introduced in this thesis, called shape-based approach, a method applied in the past to many different fields, one among all the one of orbital mechanics. The shape-based approach has been historically used to generate approximate solutions for low-thrust trajectories. In this master thesis, a new version of this method is developed to apply the shape-based approach in the field of attitude dynamics. To achieve this, first the state of the art about the shape-based method applied to trajectory design is reviewed. A method capable of simulate attitude dynamics exploiting the shape-based approach is developed, supported by the least squares method, and it is tested against some problems selected to check the results in wide range of cases. Finally, the results are commented, and the performances of the method are evaluated to demonstrate its effectiveness. A series of graphical representations of both the dynamics simulated by the various shape functions discussed in this work and the exact solutions expected is presented, together with charts evaluating the accuracy in terms of residual of the least square method, and the computational time. Considerations about the accuracy of the solution and computational time with respect to established approaches are made.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_04_Perani_Executive Summary_02.pdf
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2024_04_Perani_Thesis_01.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/219569