Urban design and planning have always acted as dynamic solutions addressing the evolving need of society and environment, these initiatives demonstrate various trends and strategies driven by various contextual elements and developing urban concerns. Meaning, urban projects have always been adapting to the changing societal, urban and economical needs and trends. These adaptations include the shift from large scale top down development projects to incremental bottom up urban planning and design projects. The newest trend in urban projects will be the ones that are based on ecological interventions and nature-based solutions, which will be the main focus of this thesis. The demand for projects based on nature-based solutions and ecological interventions is influenced by a variety of issues, such as responses to climate change, demands for enhanced livability, sustainable mobility, climatic resilience, and more. While nature-based strategies are becoming explicit and implicit requirements for urban projects in every city, this research examines the role that nature-based urban projects play in the emergence of a new transnational urbanism and the scope of standardized interventions. Architects and planners have a significant role in how they respond to these demands because of the impact their design can have, which will also be an important part of the discussion. In order to further demonstrate that this phenomena is a developing transnational urbanism, this research will map nature-based master planning projects by the renowned service based firm, Arup in a global scale to identify the distribution of such projects and to observe how the practice transcend their geographical location. The findings of this study contribute to both theoretical and practical aspects of urban studies and planning. They increase our understanding of how nature-based urban projects could serve as a spark for the formation of transnational urbanism as well as potential issues caused by standardized nature based intervention. The study's conclusions help policymakers and urban practitioners create strategies and suggestions for the effective use of nature-based methods in a range of urban contexts. This study also aims to begin a critical analysis of urban projects and proposals made by star architects and planners who claim to strictly adhere to sustainability and nature-based solutions. This analysis will also question how much the proposals address the context and the possibility of standardized interventions without taking the context into account. While this thesis exclusively explores the projects and practices of the service-based firm Arup, it also briefly examines how star architects mainstream nature-based solutions in their urban projects. This approach could lead to the emergence of a new transnational urbanism and the possibility of standardized nature-based interventions.
La progettazione e la pianificazione urbana hanno sempre agito come soluzioni dinamiche che affrontano le esigenze in evoluzione della società e dell'ambiente, queste iniziative dimostrano varie tendenze e strategie guidate da vari elementi contestuali e preoccupazioni urbane in via di sviluppo. Ciò significa che i progetti urbani si sono sempre adattati alle mutevoli esigenze e tendenze sociali, urbane ed economiche. Questi adattamenti includono il passaggio da progetti di sviluppo dall'alto verso il basso su larga scala a progetti di pianificazione e progettazione urbana incrementali dal basso verso l'alto. La tendenza più recente nei progetti urbani sarà quella basata su interventi ecologici e soluzioni basate sulla natura, che saranno il focus principale di questa tesi. La domanda di progetti basati su soluzioni basate sulla natura e interventi ecologici è influenzata da una varietà di questioni, come le risposte al cambiamento climatico, le richieste di maggiore vivibilità, mobilità sostenibile, resilienza climatica e altro ancora. Mentre le strategie basate sulla natura stanno diventando requisiti espliciti e impliciti per i progetti urbani in ogni città, questa ricerca esamina il ruolo che i progetti urbani basati sulla natura svolgono nell'emergere di un nuovo urbanesimo transnazionale e l'ambito degli interventi standardizzati. Architetti e urbanisti hanno un ruolo significativo nel modo in cui rispondono a queste richieste a causa dell'impatto che il loro progetto può avere, che sarà anche una parte importante della discussione. Per dimostrare ulteriormente che questo fenomeno è un urbanesimo transnazionale in via di sviluppo, questa ricerca mapperà i progetti di pianificazione generale basati sulla natura della rinomata azienda di servizi Arup su scala globale per identificare la distribuzione di tali progetti e osservare come la pratica trascenda la loro posizione geografica. I risultati di questo studio contribuiscono sia agli aspetti teorici che pratici degli studi e della pianificazione urbani. Aumentano la nostra comprensione di come i progetti urbani basati sulla natura potrebbero fungere da scintilla per la formazione di un urbanesimo transnazionale, nonché di potenziali problemi causati da un intervento standardizzato basato sulla natura. Le conclusioni dello studio aiutano i decisori politici e gli operatori urbani a creare strategie e suggerimenti per l'uso efficace di metodi basati sulla natura in una gamma di contesti urbani. Questo studio mira anche a iniziare un'analisi critica dei progetti urbani e delle proposte fatte da architetti e urbanisti famosi che affermano di aderire rigorosamente alla sostenibilità e alle soluzioni basate sulla natura. Questa analisi metterà anche in discussione quanto le proposte affrontino il contesto e la possibilità di interventi standardizzati senza tener conto del contesto. Sebbene questa tesi esplori esclusivamente i progetti e le pratiche dell'azienda di servizi Arup, esamina anche brevemente come gli architetti famosi integrino le soluzioni basate sulla natura nei loro progetti urbani. Questo approccio potrebbe portare all'emergere di un nuovo urbanesimo transnazionale e alla possibilità di interventi standardizzati basati sulla natura.
Standardized nature based solutions and transnational urbanism: A study of Arup's master planning projects
TOM, ALBERT
2023/2024
Abstract
Urban design and planning have always acted as dynamic solutions addressing the evolving need of society and environment, these initiatives demonstrate various trends and strategies driven by various contextual elements and developing urban concerns. Meaning, urban projects have always been adapting to the changing societal, urban and economical needs and trends. These adaptations include the shift from large scale top down development projects to incremental bottom up urban planning and design projects. The newest trend in urban projects will be the ones that are based on ecological interventions and nature-based solutions, which will be the main focus of this thesis. The demand for projects based on nature-based solutions and ecological interventions is influenced by a variety of issues, such as responses to climate change, demands for enhanced livability, sustainable mobility, climatic resilience, and more. While nature-based strategies are becoming explicit and implicit requirements for urban projects in every city, this research examines the role that nature-based urban projects play in the emergence of a new transnational urbanism and the scope of standardized interventions. Architects and planners have a significant role in how they respond to these demands because of the impact their design can have, which will also be an important part of the discussion. In order to further demonstrate that this phenomena is a developing transnational urbanism, this research will map nature-based master planning projects by the renowned service based firm, Arup in a global scale to identify the distribution of such projects and to observe how the practice transcend their geographical location. The findings of this study contribute to both theoretical and practical aspects of urban studies and planning. They increase our understanding of how nature-based urban projects could serve as a spark for the formation of transnational urbanism as well as potential issues caused by standardized nature based intervention. The study's conclusions help policymakers and urban practitioners create strategies and suggestions for the effective use of nature-based methods in a range of urban contexts. This study also aims to begin a critical analysis of urban projects and proposals made by star architects and planners who claim to strictly adhere to sustainability and nature-based solutions. This analysis will also question how much the proposals address the context and the possibility of standardized interventions without taking the context into account. While this thesis exclusively explores the projects and practices of the service-based firm Arup, it also briefly examines how star architects mainstream nature-based solutions in their urban projects. This approach could lead to the emergence of a new transnational urbanism and the possibility of standardized nature-based interventions.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/222672