In the nuclear field, one of the most complex challenges is undoubtedly the management of waste, in particular that produced by power plants. The ultimate strategy is the recovery and treatment of Minor Actinides , which involves the co-extraction of them with Lanthanides, through hydrometallurgical processes. Literature studies highlight the critical issues related to the removal of fuel constituents and in particular focus attention on the economic and environmental sustainability of the extraction processes adopted to manage waste. In this sense, in recent years, nuclear research has focused on the possibility of promoting molecules that are as sustainable as possible for use in the reprocessing of spent fuel. Hand in hand with the choice to use molecules composed only of C,H,O,N atoms, the economy and simplicity of synthesis are also points of considerable importance to take into account. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) find a place of new interest for the scientific community in the nuclear field, as they are simple to synthesize, often at low cost, and potentially in accordance with the CHON principle. These represent a new horizon, still underexplored in literature. This thesis work aims to study the synthesis and characterization of 4 selected hydrophobic DESs and their applicability in processes involving the extraction of actinides and lanthanides from a contaminated stream. Some of the chosen systems are based on tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, a well-known ligand in the nuclear field. Furthermore, the stability to gamma irradiation at 25kGy and 100kGy and to aging of the chosen systems are studied. The experiemntal results collected enabled to show a very promising stability of the TOPO-based DESs studied. The extraction properties could be finely tuned by easily modifying the DES composition, in order to follow the CHON principle. Thinking about the multitude of choices based on which to form various DESs in different molar ratios, the present experimental study highlitghts how DES properties are an interesting field of study for the future of nuclear waste management.
Nel campo nucleare, uno dei più complessi sfide è senza dubbio la gestione dei rifiuti, in particolare quelli prodotti dalle centrali elettriche. La strategia ultima è il recupero e il trattamento degli Attinidi Minori, che coinvolge la co-estrazione con i Lantanidi attraverso processi idrometallurgici. Gli studi letterari evidenziano le criticiotà legate alla rimozione dei costituenti del combustibile e focalizzano in particolare l'attenzione sulla sostenibilità economica e ambientale dei processi di estrazione adottati per gestire i rifiuti. In tal senso, negli ultimi anni la ricerca nucleare si è concentrata sulla possibilità di promuovere molecole il più sostenibili possibile per l'uso nel riprocessamento del combustibile esausto. Di pari passo con la scelta di utilizzare molecole composte esclusivamente da atomi di C, H, O, N, anche l'economia e la semplicità di sintesi sono punti di rilevante importanza da tenere in considerazione. I Solventi Eutettici Profondi (DES) trovano un nuovo interesse nella comunità scientifica nel campo nucleare, in quanto sono semplici da sintetizzare, spesso a basso costo, e potenzialmente in linea con il principio CHON. Questi rappresentano un nuovo orizzonte, ancora poco esplorato in letteratura. Questo lavoro di tesi mira a studiare la sintesi e la caratterizzazione di 4 DES idrofobici selezionati e la loro applicabilità nei processi che coinvolgono l'estrazione di Attinidi e Lantanidi da un flusso contaminato. Alcuni dei sistemi scelti sono basati sul Tri-n-ottillfosfossina ossido, un legante ben noto nel campo nucleare. Inoltre, è studiata la stabilità alla irradiazione gamma a 25 kGy e 100 kGy e all'invecchiamento dei sistemi scelti. I risultati sperimentali raccolti hanno permesso di mostrare una stabilità molto promettente dei DES a base TOPO studiati. Le proprietà di estrazione potrebbero essere finemente regolate modificando facilmente la composizione dei DES, al fine di seguire il principio CHON. Considerando la molteplicità di scelte basate su cui formare vari DES in diversi rapporti molari, il presente studio sperimentale evidenzia come le proprietà dei DES siano un campo di studio interessante per il futuro della gestione dei rifiuti nucleari.
First insights into stability of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents for advanced nuclear recycling
Simonetti, Martina
2023/2024
Abstract
In the nuclear field, one of the most complex challenges is undoubtedly the management of waste, in particular that produced by power plants. The ultimate strategy is the recovery and treatment of Minor Actinides , which involves the co-extraction of them with Lanthanides, through hydrometallurgical processes. Literature studies highlight the critical issues related to the removal of fuel constituents and in particular focus attention on the economic and environmental sustainability of the extraction processes adopted to manage waste. In this sense, in recent years, nuclear research has focused on the possibility of promoting molecules that are as sustainable as possible for use in the reprocessing of spent fuel. Hand in hand with the choice to use molecules composed only of C,H,O,N atoms, the economy and simplicity of synthesis are also points of considerable importance to take into account. Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) find a place of new interest for the scientific community in the nuclear field, as they are simple to synthesize, often at low cost, and potentially in accordance with the CHON principle. These represent a new horizon, still underexplored in literature. This thesis work aims to study the synthesis and characterization of 4 selected hydrophobic DESs and their applicability in processes involving the extraction of actinides and lanthanides from a contaminated stream. Some of the chosen systems are based on tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, a well-known ligand in the nuclear field. Furthermore, the stability to gamma irradiation at 25kGy and 100kGy and to aging of the chosen systems are studied. The experiemntal results collected enabled to show a very promising stability of the TOPO-based DESs studied. The extraction properties could be finely tuned by easily modifying the DES composition, in order to follow the CHON principle. Thinking about the multitude of choices based on which to form various DESs in different molar ratios, the present experimental study highlitghts how DES properties are an interesting field of study for the future of nuclear waste management.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2024_07_Simonetti_01.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Elaborato di tesi
Dimensione
7.47 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.47 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2024_07_Simonetti_02.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
634.39 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
634.39 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/222718