Carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon- atom wires, are particularly interesting nowadays in modern science and technology due to their unique properties that make them attractive for a variety of applications. These nanostructures exhibit remarkable mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical versatility. Polyyne in particular, a linear carbon chain struc- ture characterized by alternating single and triple bonds and various terminations, holds significant promise in scientific and technological domains. Despite being less studied compared to other carbon nanostructures, polyynes, particularly Halopolyyne, are het- eroterminated polyyne that are crucial precursors for generating other polyynes and have a unique molecular crystal structure due to charge distribution. C4 Halopolyyne consists of a carbon chain of four atoms terminated with a halogen and a cyanophenyl group. This thesis explores the relaxation dynamics of photo-excite state of Halopolyyne molecules us- ing ultrafast spectroscopy, through pump-probe technique, with time resolution down to 30 f s and broadband probe. In this study, three samples with the same chain length (C4) an different halogen termination (-Cl, -Br and -I) have been analyzed in different solvents. Ultra-short and tunable pump pulses were employed to selectively excite the molecules at their absorbance peaks, while a broadband probe allowed observation of the relaxation dynamics of the structures. In particular, it was observed that within the first picoseconds, a semiconductive-to-conductive transition occurs, followed by the formation of singlet states, which relaxes in tens of picoseconds. Additionally, the transition from singlet to triplet state through an intersystem crossing (ISC) process has been recorded, and the conversion ratio to different states as a function of solvent polarity has been analyzed and discussed. Finally the decay time of the triplet states has been estimated to be of the order of nanoseconds. Overall, the results of this study seek to deepen our understanding of the excited behavior of these intriguing structures, laying the foundation for future comprehension and applications in the technological fields.
Le nanostrutture di carbonio: fullereni, nanotubi di carbonio, grafene e catene di carbo- nio, sono oggi particolarmente interessanti nella scienza e tecnologia moderna grazie alle loro proprietà uniche che le rendono interessanti per una varietà di applicazioni. Queste nanostrutture mostrano notevole resistenza meccanica, conduttività elettrica, stabilità termica e versatilità chimica. Le poliine sono una catena lineare di carbonio caratteriz- zata da legami singoli e tripli alternati e varie terminazioni, rappresenta una promessa significativa in ambito scientifico e tecnologico. Nonostante siano meno studiate rispetto ad altre nanostrutture, le poliine, in particolare le Halopolyyne, sono poliine eterotermi- nate e sono precursori cruciali per generare altre poliine e hanno una struttura cristallina molecolare unica a causa della distribuzione della carica. La C4 Halopolyyne è costi- tuita da una catena di carbonio di quattro atomi terminata con un alogeno e un gruppo cianofenile. Questa tesi esplora la dinamica di rilassamento della fotoeccitazione delle Halopolyyne utilizzando la spettroscopia ultraveloce attraverso la tecnica pump-probe, con risoluzione temporale fino a 30 f s e un probe a banda larga. In questo studio, tre campioni con la stessa lunghezza di catena (C4) e diverse terminazioni (-Cl, -Br e -I) sono stati analizzati in diversi solventi. Sono stati impiegati impulsi di pompa ultracorti e sintonizzabili per eccitare selettivamente le molecole ai loro picchi di assorbanza, men- tre un probe a banda larga ha consentito l’osservazione delle dinamiche di rilassamento delle strutture. È stato osservato che entro i primi picosecondi avviene una transizione da semiconduttivo-conduttivo, seguita dalla formazione di stati di singoletto, che si rilassano in decine di picosecondi. Inoltre, è stata registrata la transizione dallo stato singoletto a quello tripletto attraverso un processo di incrocio intersistema (ISC) ed è stato analizzato e discusso il rapporto di conversione in stati diversi in funzione della polarità del solvente. Infine il tempo di decadimento degli stati di tripletto è stato stimato essere dell’ordine dei nanosecondi. Nel complesso, i risultati di questo studio cercano di approfondire la nostra comprensione del comportamento eccitato di queste strutture, ponendo le basi per la comprensione e le applicazioni in campo tecnologico.
Ultrafast spectroscopy of carbon nanowires: the case of Halopolyyne
Carraro, Edoardo
2023/2024
Abstract
Carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon- atom wires, are particularly interesting nowadays in modern science and technology due to their unique properties that make them attractive for a variety of applications. These nanostructures exhibit remarkable mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, and chemical versatility. Polyyne in particular, a linear carbon chain struc- ture characterized by alternating single and triple bonds and various terminations, holds significant promise in scientific and technological domains. Despite being less studied compared to other carbon nanostructures, polyynes, particularly Halopolyyne, are het- eroterminated polyyne that are crucial precursors for generating other polyynes and have a unique molecular crystal structure due to charge distribution. C4 Halopolyyne consists of a carbon chain of four atoms terminated with a halogen and a cyanophenyl group. This thesis explores the relaxation dynamics of photo-excite state of Halopolyyne molecules us- ing ultrafast spectroscopy, through pump-probe technique, with time resolution down to 30 f s and broadband probe. In this study, three samples with the same chain length (C4) an different halogen termination (-Cl, -Br and -I) have been analyzed in different solvents. Ultra-short and tunable pump pulses were employed to selectively excite the molecules at their absorbance peaks, while a broadband probe allowed observation of the relaxation dynamics of the structures. In particular, it was observed that within the first picoseconds, a semiconductive-to-conductive transition occurs, followed by the formation of singlet states, which relaxes in tens of picoseconds. Additionally, the transition from singlet to triplet state through an intersystem crossing (ISC) process has been recorded, and the conversion ratio to different states as a function of solvent polarity has been analyzed and discussed. Finally the decay time of the triplet states has been estimated to be of the order of nanoseconds. Overall, the results of this study seek to deepen our understanding of the excited behavior of these intriguing structures, laying the foundation for future comprehension and applications in the technological fields.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_07_Carraro.pdf
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2024_07_Carraro_Executive summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/222896