Global waste management nowadays is a major concern, while only a small fraction of it is effectively managed. Traditional methods like landfilling and incineration fail to address environmental issues and also may cause health risks problems. Risk assessments can help identify hazardous substances and pollutants, as well as facilitate the development of advanced monitoring systems. Life Cycle Assessment also helps to analyze the overall effect of waste treatment plants on the environment. Utilizing updated technologies like anaerobic digestion also can improve process efficiency and sustainability in waste treatment. This study aims to address waste issues by exploring the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Risk Assessment (RA) as a more sustainable and efficient waste management strategy. The proposed methodology will be applied to an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Northern Italy, which incorporates anaerobic digestion followed by post-composting. Using Usetox (USEtox 2 (recommended+interim) v.2.13) characterization method, and formula presented for the conducting Risk Assessment. Anaerobic digestion, a process that breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, produces biogas that can be used as a renewable energy source. The study examines a range of factors, including waste composition, emission of each treatment, and human toxicity risk. Preliminary findings suggest that despite the reduction in the volume of waste and generation of useful energy from the combustion of biogas, due to the transportation phase of the waste management scenario introduces several environmental drawbacks. In the end, This negative output with respect to its value makes overall treatment harmful to the environment. The research highlights that, despite the distinct frameworks and objectives of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Risk Assessment (RA), their comparative and integrative application in this study reveals that the overall processes and emissions from the anaerobic digestion (AD) plant present more si negative impacts on human health than the benefits derived from this waste treatment technology Some emissions pose a definite carcinogenic risk, and with respect their concentration, it is imperative to implement actions to mitigate these high levels. Furthermore, meticulous monitoring and control of the input waste composition can serve as an effective strategy to alleviate the adverse effects, considering the entire life cycle of the treatment plant.In conclusion, the study reveals the potential of integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Risk Assessment (RA) methodologies, a synergistic approach that is often underutilized in waste treatment and management sectors. By incorporating these findings within the context of waste management, waste treatment plants can enhance their environmental performance, and continue to have a greener and more sustainable waste management system, contributing to a more environmentally sound and circular future.
La gestione globale dei rifiuti è oggi una delle principali preoccupazioni, anche se solo una piccola parte di essi viene gestita in modo efficace. I metodi tradizionali come lo smaltimento in discarica e l’incenerimento non riescono ad affrontare le questioni ambientali e possono anche causare problemi di rischio per la salute. Le valutazioni del rischio possono aiutare a identificare sostanze pericolose e inquinanti, oltre a facilitare lo sviluppo di sistemi di monitoraggio avanzati. Il Life Cycle Assessment aiuta anche ad analizzare l’effetto complessivo degli impianti di trattamento dei rifiuti sull’ambiente. L’utilizzo di tecnologie aggiornate come la digestione anaerobica può anche migliorare l’efficienza del processo e la sostenibilità nel trattamento dei rifiuti. Questo studio mira ad affrontare le questioni relative ai rifiuti esplorando l’integrazione della valutazione del ciclo di vita (LCA) e della valutazione del rischio (RA) come strategia di gestione dei rifiuti più sostenibile ed efficiente. La metodologia proposta sarà applicata ad un impianto di digestione anaerobica (AD) nel Nord Italia, che incorpora la digestione anaerobica seguita dal post-compostaggio. Sarà utilizzato il metodo di caratterizzazione Usetox (USEtox 2 (consigliato+interim) v.2.13) e la formula presentata per la conduzione della valutazione del rischio. La digestione anaerobica, un processo che scompone la materia organica in assenza di ossigeno, produce biogas che può essere utilizzato come fonte di energia rinnovabile. Lo studio esamina una serie di fattori, tra cui la composizione dei rifiuti, le emissioni di ciascun trattamento e il rischio di tossicità per l’uomo. I risultati preliminari suggeriscono che, nonostante la riduzione del volume dei rifiuti e della generazione di energia utile dalla combustione del biogas, la fase di trasporto dello scenario di gestione dei rifiuti introduce numerosi inconvenienti ambientali. Alla fine, questo rendimento negativo rispetto al suo valore rende il trattamento complessivo dannoso per l'ambiente. La ricerca evidenzia che, nonostante i quadri e gli obiettivi distinti della valutazione del ciclo di vita (LCA) e della valutazione del rischio (RA), la loro applicazione comparativa e integrativa in questo studio rivela che i processi complessivi e le emissioni dell’impianto di digestione anaerobica (AD) presentano più impatti negativi sulla salute umana rispetto ai benefici derivanti da questa tecnologia di trattamento dei rifiuti. Alcune emissioni rappresentano un rischio cancerogeno definito e, rispetto alla loro concentrazione, è imperativo implementare azioni permitigare questi livelli elevati. Inoltre, un monitoraggio e un controllo meticolosi della composizione dei rifiuti in ingresso possono costituire una strategia efficace per alleviare gli effetti negativi, considerando l’intero ciclo di vita dell’impianto di trattamento. In conclusione, lo studio rivela il potenziale dell’integrazione delle metodologie Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) e Risk Assessment (RA), un approccio sinergico spesso sottoutilizzato nei settori del trattamento e della gestione dei rifiuti. Incorporando questi risultati nel contesto della gestione dei rifiuti, gli impianti di trattamento dei rifiuti possono migliorare le loro prestazioni ambientali e continuare ad avere un sistema di gestione dei rifiuti più verde e sostenibile, contribuendo a un futuro più circolare e rispettoso dell’ambiente.
Life cycle risk assessment of an anaerobic digestion plant
Faghihi, Mahbod
2023/2024
Abstract
Global waste management nowadays is a major concern, while only a small fraction of it is effectively managed. Traditional methods like landfilling and incineration fail to address environmental issues and also may cause health risks problems. Risk assessments can help identify hazardous substances and pollutants, as well as facilitate the development of advanced monitoring systems. Life Cycle Assessment also helps to analyze the overall effect of waste treatment plants on the environment. Utilizing updated technologies like anaerobic digestion also can improve process efficiency and sustainability in waste treatment. This study aims to address waste issues by exploring the integration of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), and Risk Assessment (RA) as a more sustainable and efficient waste management strategy. The proposed methodology will be applied to an anaerobic digestion (AD) plant in Northern Italy, which incorporates anaerobic digestion followed by post-composting. Using Usetox (USEtox 2 (recommended+interim) v.2.13) characterization method, and formula presented for the conducting Risk Assessment. Anaerobic digestion, a process that breaks down organic matter in the absence of oxygen, produces biogas that can be used as a renewable energy source. The study examines a range of factors, including waste composition, emission of each treatment, and human toxicity risk. Preliminary findings suggest that despite the reduction in the volume of waste and generation of useful energy from the combustion of biogas, due to the transportation phase of the waste management scenario introduces several environmental drawbacks. In the end, This negative output with respect to its value makes overall treatment harmful to the environment. The research highlights that, despite the distinct frameworks and objectives of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Risk Assessment (RA), their comparative and integrative application in this study reveals that the overall processes and emissions from the anaerobic digestion (AD) plant present more si negative impacts on human health than the benefits derived from this waste treatment technology Some emissions pose a definite carcinogenic risk, and with respect their concentration, it is imperative to implement actions to mitigate these high levels. Furthermore, meticulous monitoring and control of the input waste composition can serve as an effective strategy to alleviate the adverse effects, considering the entire life cycle of the treatment plant.In conclusion, the study reveals the potential of integrating Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Risk Assessment (RA) methodologies, a synergistic approach that is often underutilized in waste treatment and management sectors. By incorporating these findings within the context of waste management, waste treatment plants can enhance their environmental performance, and continue to have a greener and more sustainable waste management system, contributing to a more environmentally sound and circular future.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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FINAL thesis - Mahbod Faghihi .pdf
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Descrizione: LCRA of AN AEROBIC DIGESTION
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1.66 MB
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/222948