This thesis investigates how AI is changing the service prototyping process in service design agencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to automate company processes, including prototyping solutions. However, unlike other design disciplines, service design is complex, human-centered, and participatory. This leads to the question: how would AI impact the service prototyping process, particularly in agencies where clients make the final decisions? The methodology includes a literature review, AI tools desk research, and expert interviews. Findings from each method are analyzed and clustered to generate insights about the limitations, opportunities, and threats of using AI in prototyping services. This study results in the AI-powered service prototyping process, updating the traditional process proposed in the literature by Blomkvist (2011). This study found that AI helps overcome some challenges of traditional service prototyping by evaluating more scenarios of the service experience, speeding up qualitative research, and gaining wider perspectives. AI also helps overcome challenges specific to agencies, such as power dynamics between designers and clients, knowledge gaps between disciplines, and difficulty in reaching participants due to time and resource constraints. However, AI integration in service prototyping leads to new challenges, such as the difficulty of transferring tacit knowledge, and threats, such as the critical pitfall of substituting humans with AI. Such substitution may lead to more bias, invalid solutions, and even the de-evangelization of design as a discipline. The thesis emphasizes the importance of design education in instilling crucial skills in designers: knowledge about AI, research, and critical thinking to detect biases. It is important to encourage a balance between eager exploration of AI and being critical of its shortcomings so that designers can advocate for human needs while designing AI-enabled services. Limitations of this study include data collection for the AI tools desk research, geographic limitation (Italy), and non-disclosure agreement (NDA) that bounds the interview participants.
Questa tesi studia come l’IA stia cambiando il processo di prototipazione dei servizi nelle agenzie di service design. L’intelligenza artificiale (AI) promette di automatizzare i processi aziendali, compresa la prototipazione. Ma il service design è complesso, incentrato sull’uomo e partecipativo. Ciò porta a chiedersi: quale sarebbe l’impatto dell’IA sul processo di prototipazione dei servizi, in particolare nelle agenzie in cui sono i clienti a prendere le decisioni finali? La metodologia comprende una revisione della letteratura, desk research sui tool IA e interviste ad esperti. I risultati sono stati analizzati per rivelare limiti, opportunità e problematiche legate all’utilizzo dell’IA nella prototipazione di servizi, portando a un processo di prototipazione dei servizi alimentato dall’IA che aggiorna quanto proposto in letteratura da Blomkvist (2011). Questo studio ha rilevato che l’IA aiuta a superare alcune sfide della prototipazione di servizi, valutando un maggior numero di scenari dell’esperienza del servizio e accelerando la ricerca qualitativa. L’IA aiuta anche a superare le sfide specifiche delle agenzie, come le dinamiche di potere tra progettisti e clienti, le lacune di conoscenza tra le discipline e difficoltà nel raccogliere partecipanti a causa di vincoli di tempo e risorse. Tuttavia, l’integrazione dell’IA comporta nuove sfide, come la difficoltà di trasferire la conoscenza tacita, e problematiche legate alla sostituzione degli esseri umani con l’IA, che può portare a maggiori pregiudizi, soluzioni non valide e alla de-evangelizzazione del design come disciplina. La tesi sottolinea l’importanza dell’educazione al design nell’instillare queste competenze cruciali nei designer: conoscenza dell’IA, ricerca e pensiero critico per individuare i pregiudizi. È importante incoraggiare un equilibrio tra l’esplorazione avida dell’IA e la critica delle sue carenze, in modo che i designer possano difendere i bisogni umani durante la progettazione di servizi abilitati dall’IA. Le limitazioni di questo studio includono la raccolta dei dati per la desk research sui tool IA, la limitazione geografica (Italia) e l’NDA che vincola gli esperti intervistati.
AI-powered service prototyping in service design agencies
Alfansi, Annis Zarina
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis investigates how AI is changing the service prototyping process in service design agencies. Artificial intelligence (AI) promises to automate company processes, including prototyping solutions. However, unlike other design disciplines, service design is complex, human-centered, and participatory. This leads to the question: how would AI impact the service prototyping process, particularly in agencies where clients make the final decisions? The methodology includes a literature review, AI tools desk research, and expert interviews. Findings from each method are analyzed and clustered to generate insights about the limitations, opportunities, and threats of using AI in prototyping services. This study results in the AI-powered service prototyping process, updating the traditional process proposed in the literature by Blomkvist (2011). This study found that AI helps overcome some challenges of traditional service prototyping by evaluating more scenarios of the service experience, speeding up qualitative research, and gaining wider perspectives. AI also helps overcome challenges specific to agencies, such as power dynamics between designers and clients, knowledge gaps between disciplines, and difficulty in reaching participants due to time and resource constraints. However, AI integration in service prototyping leads to new challenges, such as the difficulty of transferring tacit knowledge, and threats, such as the critical pitfall of substituting humans with AI. Such substitution may lead to more bias, invalid solutions, and even the de-evangelization of design as a discipline. The thesis emphasizes the importance of design education in instilling crucial skills in designers: knowledge about AI, research, and critical thinking to detect biases. It is important to encourage a balance between eager exploration of AI and being critical of its shortcomings so that designers can advocate for human needs while designing AI-enabled services. Limitations of this study include data collection for the AI tools desk research, geographic limitation (Italy), and non-disclosure agreement (NDA) that bounds the interview participants.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223048