Sediment deposition in reservoirs, commonly referred to as dam filling, poses a significant challenge to reservoir management, impacting storage capacity, water quality, and the overall functionality of dams. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of dam filling and the effects of sediment accumulation by employing and comparing three widely used sediment erosion models: the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) developed by Gavrilovic (1988), and the physically river model at catchment scale is named Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). To achieve this, we considered as case study the Shimen Reservoir in Taiwan, utilizing data from over a four-year period from 2002 to 2005. This dataset provided a robust foundation for validating the performance of each model and allowed us a complete analysis of the sediment deposition over time in the basin. A particular focus was placed on the year 2004, which was marked by a severe typhoon event, dramatically increasing rainfall and runoff, thereby significantly affecting sediment transport and deposition. The analysis revealed distinct differences in the accuracy of the three models during both normal and extreme weather conditions. The SWAT model demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting sediment deposition during the typhoon event, accurately capturing the dynamic changes in rainfall and runoff. The Gavrilovic method also performed reasonably well, benefitting from its empirical basis and consideration of land use and vegetation cover. However, the USLE method showed limitations in its predictive capability, particularly under the extreme conditions induced by the typhoon, due to its reliance on average annual factors and lack of dynamic simulation. This study underscores the critical importance of selecting appropriate sediment deposition models for reservoir management, especially in regions susceptible to extreme weather events. By providing a detailed comparison and validation of these models, we aim to enhance the understanding of sediment dynamics in reservoirs and support the development of more effective sediment management strategies.
Il deposito di sedimenti nei bacini, comunemente noto come interrimento delle dighe, rappresenta una sfida significativa per la gestione degli invasi artificiali, influenzando la capacità di stoccaggio, la qualità dell'acqua e la funzionalità complessiva delle dighe. Questo studio mira a fornire un'analisi approfondita dell’interrimento delle dighe e degli effetti dell'accumulo di sedimenti utilizzando e confrontando tre modelli di erosione ampiamente utilizzati: la Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), l’Erosion Potential Method (EPM) di Gavrilovic e SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool). Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, abbiamo utilizzato i dati dell’invaso di Shimen in Cina su un periodo di quattro anni, dal 2002 al 2005. Questo set di dati ha fornito una solida base per validare le prestazioni di ciascun modello. Un'attenzione particolare è stata posta sull'anno 2004, caratterizzato da un grave evento di tifone, che ha aumentato drasticamente le precipitazioni e il deflusso, influenzando in modo significativo il trasporto e il deposito dei sedimenti. L'analisi ha rivelato differenze significative nell'accuratezza dei tre modelli durante condizioni meteorologiche normali ed estreme. Il modello SWAT ha dimostrato una superiorità nell'accuratezza della previsione del deposito di sedimenti durante l'evento di tifone, catturando accuratamente i cambiamenti dinamici nelle precipitazioni e nel deflusso. Anche il metodo di Gavrilovic ha mostrato buone prestazioni, beneficiando della sua base empirica e della considerazione dell'uso del suolo e della copertura vegetale. Tuttavia, il metodo USLE ha mostrato limitazioni nella sua capacità predittiva, in particolare sotto le condizioni estreme indotte dal tifone, a causa della sua dipendenza da fattori annuali medi e della mancanza di simulazione dinamica. Questo studio sottolinea l'importanza della modellazione per la gestione dei serbatoi, specialmente nelle regioni suscettibili agli eventi meteorologici estremi. Fornendo un confronto dettagliato e una validazione di questi modelli, miriamo a migliorare la comprensione delle dinamiche dei sedimenti negli invasi artificiali e a supportare lo sviluppo di strategie di gestione dei sedimenti più efficaci.
Comparative analysis of erosion and dam filling modelling
Zheng, Xinjie;Shang, Qian
2023/2024
Abstract
Sediment deposition in reservoirs, commonly referred to as dam filling, poses a significant challenge to reservoir management, impacting storage capacity, water quality, and the overall functionality of dams. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of dam filling and the effects of sediment accumulation by employing and comparing three widely used sediment erosion models: the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), the Erosion Potential Method (EPM) developed by Gavrilovic (1988), and the physically river model at catchment scale is named Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). To achieve this, we considered as case study the Shimen Reservoir in Taiwan, utilizing data from over a four-year period from 2002 to 2005. This dataset provided a robust foundation for validating the performance of each model and allowed us a complete analysis of the sediment deposition over time in the basin. A particular focus was placed on the year 2004, which was marked by a severe typhoon event, dramatically increasing rainfall and runoff, thereby significantly affecting sediment transport and deposition. The analysis revealed distinct differences in the accuracy of the three models during both normal and extreme weather conditions. The SWAT model demonstrated superior accuracy in predicting sediment deposition during the typhoon event, accurately capturing the dynamic changes in rainfall and runoff. The Gavrilovic method also performed reasonably well, benefitting from its empirical basis and consideration of land use and vegetation cover. However, the USLE method showed limitations in its predictive capability, particularly under the extreme conditions induced by the typhoon, due to its reliance on average annual factors and lack of dynamic simulation. This study underscores the critical importance of selecting appropriate sediment deposition models for reservoir management, especially in regions susceptible to extreme weather events. By providing a detailed comparison and validation of these models, we aim to enhance the understanding of sediment dynamics in reservoirs and support the development of more effective sediment management strategies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223234