In addition to data on accident trends in Italy, which according to INAIL data, registered around 586,000 complaints in 2023, we must also mention the technopathies developed by workers that lead to annual complaints of occupational diseases. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for about two thirds of the reported diseases and the same percentage can also be extended to our country. These technopathies affect the back, neck, shoulders, and upper and lower limbs and denote any damage or disorder of the joints or other tissues generating health problems that lead to absence from work, medical care and, in severe cases, can even lead to disability and the need to quit work. MSDs is not merely caused by one factor; it often combines multiple risk factors, including physical and biomechanical factors (manual handling of loads, repetitive movements, uncomfortable postures, vibrations), organizational and psychosocial (high work intensity and low autonomy; absence of breaks or the possibility of changing working postures; working very fast, or for long hours or shifts); as well as individual ones (anamnesis (o medical history), lifestyles and habits). The high incidence of these diseases can be attributed to the manual material handling (MMH) present in many working fields (o work sectors) such as construction, agriculture and automotive. Consider that in Europe, the percentage of workers who perform MMH activities for at least a quarter of their shift varies from 24% in Portugal to 44% in Romania (source Eurofound 2019). For some years, specific wearable devices have been studied and applied in production contexts that the scientific literature define as occupational exoskeletons, which are portable robotic technologies (active exoskeletons) / mechanical structures external to the body (passive exoskeletons) that can support workers while performing MMH tasks. The purpose of the thesis was to analyze, through the use of specific baropodometric insoles, the plantar pressure distribution during the manual handling of rolls of fabric carried out wearing a passive exoskeleton. In particular, the aim was to verify whether, and possibly how, the use of the exoskeleton led to change the posture of the worker resulting in a different distribution of the loads at the foot level. In this regard, after describing in detail the different workstations, the specifications of the loads handled, the anthropometric data of the participants in the study (operators) and the methods of execution of the work activities, the data of the plantar pressure distribution provided by the FreeStep software that elaborated the values measured by the baropodometric slabs, were analyzed and discussed. These data were collected for each operator depending on the different location where they carried out the lifting and positioning of the rolls of fabric, highlighting when they did not wear (SE) or wore the exoskeleton (CE). For this purpose, the mean values of the foot pressure distribution in the four regions of the soles of the feet (forefoot / rear foot and medial / lateral) were initially compared during the handling of each roll, for both the SE and CE case. Then, the total average values (case SE and CE) calculated for each workstation were compared, and finally, by combining the values of the two operators by arithmetic mean, the total average values measured in the two workstations were compared. The analysis of the results showed no significant changes in the plantar pressure distribution, except in some particular cases - identified after analyzing the recorded videos - where significant behavioral changes were observed in the way in which the activities were carried out between the SE and the CE case. In this regard, possible explanations have been elaborated that relate both to the mode of action of the exoskeleton and how these affect the operator’s behavior during the execution of the activities, and to other factors such as, the natural posture and the anthropometric characteristics of the operators, the methods of carrying out the lifting and placement of the rolls of fabric and their weight and others.
Oltre ai dati sull’andamento infortunistico in Italia che, secondo i dati Inail, nel 2023 ha registrato circa 586.000 denunce, bisogna anche ricordare le tecnopatie sviluppate dai lavoratori che sfociano annualmente in numerose denunce di malattie professionali. I disturbi muscolo scheletrici (DMS), a livello mondiale, rappresentano circa i due terzi delle patologie denunciate e la medesima percentuale può essere anche estesa al nostro paese. Tali tecnopatie colpiscono la schiena, il collo, le spalle e gli arti superiori e inferiori e denotano qualsiasi danno o disturbo delle articolazioni o di altri tessuti generando problemi di salute che determinano assenza dal lavoro, cure mediche e, nei casi più gravi, possono persino portare a disabilità e alla necessità di abbandonare il lavoro. La causa dei DMS non è una sola, infatti spesso vi concorrono vari fattori di rischio, tra cui fattori fisici e biomeccanici (movimentazione manuale dei carichi, movimenti ripetitivi, posture scomode, vibrazioni), organizzativi e psicosociali (elevata intensità lavorativa e bassa autonomia; assenza di pause o di possibilità di cambiare le posture lavorative; lavorare molto velocemente, o per lunghe ore o a turni); nonché quelli individuali (anamnesi, stili di vita e abitudini). L’elevata incidenza di queste patologie è da attribuire alle attività di movimentazione manuale dei carichi (MMC) presenti in molti settori lavorativi come, ad esempio, quelli dell’edilizia, dell’agricoltura e dell’automotive. Si consideri che in Europa, la percentuale dei lavoratori che per almeno un quarto del loro turno di lavoro eseguono attività di MMC oscilla dal 24% del Portogallo al 44% della Romania (fonte Eurofound 2019). Da alcuni anni, nei contesti produttivi sono stati studiati e applicati specifici dispositivi indossabili che la letteratura scientifica definisce esoscheletri occupazionali, ovvero tecnologie robotiche portatili (esoscheletri attivi) / strutture meccaniche esterne al corpo (esoscheletri passivi) in grado di supportare i lavoratori durante l’esecuzione di attività di MMC. Scopo dell’attività di tesi è stato quello di analizzare, mediante l’utilizzo di specifiche solette baropodometriche, la distribuzione pressoria plantare durante la movimentazione manuale di rotoli di tessuto effettuata indossando un esoscheletro passivo, al fine di verificare se, ed eventualmente come, l’utilizzo dell’esoscheletro portasse a modificare l’assetto posturale del lavoratore con una conseguente diversa distribuzione dei carichi a livello plantare. A tal proposito, dopo aver descritto in maniera dettagliata le diverse postazioni di lavoro, le specifiche dei carichi movimentati, i dati antropometrici dei partecipanti allo studio (operatori) e le modalità di esecuzione delle attività lavorative, sono stati analizzati e discussi i dati della distribuzione pressoria plantare forniti dal software FreeStep che ha elaborato i valori misurati dalle solette baropodometriche. I dati sono stati raccolti per ogni operatore in funzione della diversa postazione in cui hanno svolto le attività di sollevamento e posizionamento dei rotoli di tessuto, evidenziando quando non indossavano (SE) o indossavano l’esoscheletro (CE). A tale scopo, inizialmente sono stati confrontati i valori medi distribuzione pressoria plantare nelle quattro regioni della pianta dei piedi (avampiede / retropiede e mediale / laterale) durante le attività di movimentazione di ciascun rotolo, sia per il caso SE sia per il caso CE. Successivamente sono stati comparati, per ogni postazione, i valori medi totali (caso SE e CE) e, infine, accorpando i valori dei due operatori mediante media aritmetica, sono stati confrontati i valori medi totali misurati nelle due postazioni. Dall’analisi dei risultati non sono state riscontrate significative variazioni nella distribuzione pressoria plantare, se non in alcuni casi particolari - identificati a seguito dell’analisi delle registrazioni video effettuate - in cui sono state osservate significative variazioni comportamentali nella modalità di esecuzione delle attività tra il caso SE ed il caso CE. A tale riguardo, sono state elaborate delle possibili spiegazioni riconducibili sia alla modalità di azione dell’esoscheletro e di come queste influenzino il comportamento dell’operatore durante l’esecuzione delle attività, sia ad altri fattori quali, la postura naturale e le caratteristiche antropometriche degli operatori, le modalità di esecuzione delle attività di sollevamento e collocamento dei rotoli di tessuto ed il loro peso e altri ancora.
Analisi della distribuzione pressoria plantare durante la movimentazione manuale di rotoli di tessuto effettuata indossando un esoscheletro passivo
SCILIPOTI, ANTONINO
2023/2024
Abstract
In addition to data on accident trends in Italy, which according to INAIL data, registered around 586,000 complaints in 2023, we must also mention the technopathies developed by workers that lead to annual complaints of occupational diseases. Worldwide, musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) account for about two thirds of the reported diseases and the same percentage can also be extended to our country. These technopathies affect the back, neck, shoulders, and upper and lower limbs and denote any damage or disorder of the joints or other tissues generating health problems that lead to absence from work, medical care and, in severe cases, can even lead to disability and the need to quit work. MSDs is not merely caused by one factor; it often combines multiple risk factors, including physical and biomechanical factors (manual handling of loads, repetitive movements, uncomfortable postures, vibrations), organizational and psychosocial (high work intensity and low autonomy; absence of breaks or the possibility of changing working postures; working very fast, or for long hours or shifts); as well as individual ones (anamnesis (o medical history), lifestyles and habits). The high incidence of these diseases can be attributed to the manual material handling (MMH) present in many working fields (o work sectors) such as construction, agriculture and automotive. Consider that in Europe, the percentage of workers who perform MMH activities for at least a quarter of their shift varies from 24% in Portugal to 44% in Romania (source Eurofound 2019). For some years, specific wearable devices have been studied and applied in production contexts that the scientific literature define as occupational exoskeletons, which are portable robotic technologies (active exoskeletons) / mechanical structures external to the body (passive exoskeletons) that can support workers while performing MMH tasks. The purpose of the thesis was to analyze, through the use of specific baropodometric insoles, the plantar pressure distribution during the manual handling of rolls of fabric carried out wearing a passive exoskeleton. In particular, the aim was to verify whether, and possibly how, the use of the exoskeleton led to change the posture of the worker resulting in a different distribution of the loads at the foot level. In this regard, after describing in detail the different workstations, the specifications of the loads handled, the anthropometric data of the participants in the study (operators) and the methods of execution of the work activities, the data of the plantar pressure distribution provided by the FreeStep software that elaborated the values measured by the baropodometric slabs, were analyzed and discussed. These data were collected for each operator depending on the different location where they carried out the lifting and positioning of the rolls of fabric, highlighting when they did not wear (SE) or wore the exoskeleton (CE). For this purpose, the mean values of the foot pressure distribution in the four regions of the soles of the feet (forefoot / rear foot and medial / lateral) were initially compared during the handling of each roll, for both the SE and CE case. Then, the total average values (case SE and CE) calculated for each workstation were compared, and finally, by combining the values of the two operators by arithmetic mean, the total average values measured in the two workstations were compared. The analysis of the results showed no significant changes in the plantar pressure distribution, except in some particular cases - identified after analyzing the recorded videos - where significant behavioral changes were observed in the way in which the activities were carried out between the SE and the CE case. In this regard, possible explanations have been elaborated that relate both to the mode of action of the exoskeleton and how these affect the operator’s behavior during the execution of the activities, and to other factors such as, the natural posture and the anthropometric characteristics of the operators, the methods of carrying out the lifting and placement of the rolls of fabric and their weight and others.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_7_Scilipoti_Tesi.pdf.pdf
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Descrizione: testo tesi
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2024_7_Scilipoti_Executive Summary.pdf.pdf
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Descrizione: executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223283