This thesis gives a detailed study of the cooling towers and their technologies, which concentrates on the different products of MITA cooling company, including the open circuit, closed circuit, and adiabatic coolers. Cooling towers are crucial for many industrial applications. This study shows the historical overview and the classification of the cooling towers based on the fan type, air flow direction, and water circulation, also exploring the atmospheric and mechanical draft towers in addition to crossflow and counterflow designs. During six decades, MITA cooling in the market has sold diverse products that serve different industrial applications. Moreover, this thesis shows the different applications where the cooling towers are used. This research explains the design, components, and performance of the different types of cooling towers including open, closed, and adiabatic coolers showing the cooling capacity, the flow rate, the advantages and the disadvantages. The work studies the operational principles, the theoretical analysis, and the heat and mass equations for the three types of cooling towers. Open cooling towers work by the direct contact between the air and the water, which uses the phenomena of evaporation for heat transfer. The closed cooling tower on the opposite side uses the coils to ensure not wasting the processed fluid which will reduce the contamination risks and water consumption. The adiabatic coolers incorporate a new technology which includes pre-cooling the air before entering the coils which reduces the water consumption. A case study is presented for a data center in Barcelona that required an efficient and suitable cooling solution for the building. The case study makes a comparison between the three different configurations based on energy consumption, water evaporation, noise levels, and the area of the construction. The study shows the annual energy consumption and water evaporation rate per year. Moreover, making an economic analysis for the life time usage, an economic evaluation using net present value and a SWOT analysis indicate that the adiabatic cooler, although the higher initial costs, it has the lowest total life cycle cost and serves the environmental requirements as a result of the low water consumption comparing to the open and the closed cooling towers and efficient cooling process comparing to the closed cooling tower. The thesis includes recommendations for future work and development which include more improvements for the adiabatic cooling towers, increasing their capacities, and using more efficient adiabatic pack and more efficient noise reduction technologies. These recommendations will enhance efficiency, cost, and environmentally friendly cooling solutions to be aligned with the sustainability goals.
Questa tesi offre uno studio approfondito delle torri di raffreddamento e delle loro tecnologie, concentrandosi sui diversi prodotti dell'azienda MITA Cooling, attiva da sei decenni, ovvero quelli a circuito aperto, a circuito chiuso e i raffreddatori adiabatici. Le torri di raffreddamento sono fondamentali per molte applicazioni industriali. Questo studio presenta una panoramica storica e una classificazione delle torri di raffreddamento basata sul tipo di ventilatore, sulla direzione del flusso d'aria e sulla circolazione dell'acqua, considerando anche le torri ad aspirazione atmosferica e meccanica oltre alle configurazioni a flussi incrociati e in controcorrente. Il lavoro studia i principi operativi, presentando l'analisi teorica e le equazioni del trasporto di calore e di massa per i tre tipi di torri di raffreddamento considerati. Le torri di raffreddamento aperte si basano sul contatto diretto tra aria e acqua, sfruttando il fenomeno dell'evaporazione per il trasferimento del calore. La torre di raffreddamento chiusa, al contrario, utilizza serpentine per evitare lo spreco del fluido processato, riducendo i rischi di contaminazione e il consumo di acqua. I raffreddatori adiabatici incorporano una nuova tecnologia che prevede un preraffreddamento dell'aria prima che entri nelle serpentine, riducendo il consumo di acqua. I principi esposti sono applicati a un caso di studio per un data center a Barcellona che ha richiesto una soluzione di raffreddamento efficiente e adatta per l'edificio. Le tre diverse configurazioni sono state confrontate in base al consumo energetico, evaporazione dell'acqua, livelli di rumore e area di costruzione. Lo studio ha mostrato, in particolare, il consumo energetico annuale e il tasso di evaporazione dell'acqua per anno. Inoltre, è stata effettuata un'analisi economica nel ciclo di vita degli impianti, una valutazione mediante il valore attuale netto (VAN-NPV) e un'analisi SWOT: ne è risultato che il raffreddatore adiabatico, nonostante i costi iniziali più elevati, ha il costo totale del ciclo di vita più basso e soddisfa i requisiti ambientali grazie al consumo di acqua più ridotto rispetto alle torri di raffreddamento aperte e chiuse e alla maggiore efficienza energetica rispetto alla torre di raffreddamento chiusa.
Diverse cooling solutions: examining cooling towers types for the industrial applications.
ELADAWY, AHMED SAMY MOHAMED ELSAID
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis gives a detailed study of the cooling towers and their technologies, which concentrates on the different products of MITA cooling company, including the open circuit, closed circuit, and adiabatic coolers. Cooling towers are crucial for many industrial applications. This study shows the historical overview and the classification of the cooling towers based on the fan type, air flow direction, and water circulation, also exploring the atmospheric and mechanical draft towers in addition to crossflow and counterflow designs. During six decades, MITA cooling in the market has sold diverse products that serve different industrial applications. Moreover, this thesis shows the different applications where the cooling towers are used. This research explains the design, components, and performance of the different types of cooling towers including open, closed, and adiabatic coolers showing the cooling capacity, the flow rate, the advantages and the disadvantages. The work studies the operational principles, the theoretical analysis, and the heat and mass equations for the three types of cooling towers. Open cooling towers work by the direct contact between the air and the water, which uses the phenomena of evaporation for heat transfer. The closed cooling tower on the opposite side uses the coils to ensure not wasting the processed fluid which will reduce the contamination risks and water consumption. The adiabatic coolers incorporate a new technology which includes pre-cooling the air before entering the coils which reduces the water consumption. A case study is presented for a data center in Barcelona that required an efficient and suitable cooling solution for the building. The case study makes a comparison between the three different configurations based on energy consumption, water evaporation, noise levels, and the area of the construction. The study shows the annual energy consumption and water evaporation rate per year. Moreover, making an economic analysis for the life time usage, an economic evaluation using net present value and a SWOT analysis indicate that the adiabatic cooler, although the higher initial costs, it has the lowest total life cycle cost and serves the environmental requirements as a result of the low water consumption comparing to the open and the closed cooling towers and efficient cooling process comparing to the closed cooling tower. The thesis includes recommendations for future work and development which include more improvements for the adiabatic cooling towers, increasing their capacities, and using more efficient adiabatic pack and more efficient noise reduction technologies. These recommendations will enhance efficiency, cost, and environmentally friendly cooling solutions to be aligned with the sustainability goals.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Thesis_cooling towers final - Ahmed Eladawy 10787190 ..pdf
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Descrizione: a thesis gives a detailed study of the cooling towers and their technologies, which concentrates on the different products of MITA cooling company, including the open circuit, closed circuit, and adiabatic coolers.
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223354