The performance of winter tires in snowy conditions is crucial for ensuring road safety during adverse weather conditions. This thesis investigates the influence of various factors, including tread design, material properties and production parameters, on the performance of viscoelastic tread blocks used in winter tires. All these characteristics are analysed checking how these are affected varying the snow density and the temperature of the environment. The study employs a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulations to analyse the effects of tread design parameters such as geometry (lamella configuration), leading edge angle on traction, chosen material. This study builds upon a solid foundation established by the scientific community, which has extensively studied the complexities of tire behaviour and the interactions between tire and road surfaces proposing a mathematical model. This will be used to understand the mechanisms and the forces involved in the process. By integrating insights from previous studies and advancing the current understanding, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve winter tire performance. The research begins discussing the challenges and advancements in the production of test specimens using additive manufacturing techniques. By leveraging additive manufacturing technologies, it is possible to create precise and reproducible test specimens with complex geometries, facilitating comprehensive experimental investigations into tire performance controlling the production parameters and, consequently, their influence. Then Abaqus simulations are performed in order to extract different leading edge and check in the experimental campaign its effect. Experimental results demonstrate how different lamella arrangements affect the friction force, the penetration of the tread controlling temperature and snow density. Along this research, an important role is given by the experiment design, it will be described carefully, showing all the steps to avoid errors during the test campaign. The core of the study is to investigate the effect of environmental factors such as temperature and snow density on tire performance. To do this, it is necessary to vary these two factors checking the influence of them. Experimental testing reveals how changes in temperature and snow density alter the frictional properties of the tire tread, affecting its ability to maintain traction and grip on snow-covered roads. The analysis highlights the importance of considering these factors in tire design and optimization processes. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the performance of winter tread blocks. By elucidating the interactions between tread design, material properties, and environmental conditions, the research enhances some knowledges of tire behaviour in snowy conditions, ultimately contributing to the development of safer and more efficient winter tire designs.
La performance degli pneumatici invernali in condizioni di neve è cruciale per garantire la sicurezza stradale durante le condizioni meteorologiche avverse. Questa tesi investiga l'influenza di vari fattori, tra cui il design del battistrada, le proprietà dei materiali, i parametri di produzione, sulle prestazioni dei battistrada utilizzati negli pneumatici invernali. Tutte queste caratteristiche vengono analizzate verificando come queste vengano influenzate variando la densità della neve e la temperatura dell'ambiente. Lo studio utilizza una combinazione di test sperimentali e simulazioni numeriche per analizzare gli effetti e valutare i risultati. Questo studio si basa su una solida base stabilita dalla comunità scientifica, che ha studiato ampiamente le complessità del comportamento degli pneumatici e le interazioni tra pneumatici e superfici stradali proponendo un modello matematico. Questo verrà utilizzato per comprendere i meccanismi e le forze coinvolte nel processo. Integrando le intuizioni degli studi precedenti e avanzando la comprensione attuale, questa ricerca mira a contribuire agli sforzi in corso per migliorare le prestazioni degli pneumatici invernali. La ricerca inizia discutendo le sfide e i progressi nella produzione di campioni di prova utilizzando tecniche di produzione additiva. Sfruttando le tecnologie di produzione additiva, è possibile creare campioni di prova precisi e riproducibili con geometrie complesse, facilitando indagini sperimentali approfondite sulle prestazioni degli pneumatici controllando i parametri di produzione e, di conseguenza, la loro influenza. Successivamente, vengono eseguite simulazioni con Abaqus al fine di estrarre differenti profili di battistrada e verificarne le differenze nella campagna sperimentale. I risultati sperimentali dimostrano come diverse disposizioni delle lamelle influenzino la forza di attrito, la penetrazione del battistrada controllando temperatura e densità della neve. Lungo questa ricerca, un ruolo importante è dato dalla progettazione sperimentale, che verrà descritta accuratamente, mostrando tutti i passaggi per evitare errori durante la campagna di test. Il nucleo dello studio è investigare l'effetto di fattori ambientali come temperatura e densità della neve sulle prestazioni degli pneumatici. I test sperimentali rivelano come le variazioni di temperatura e densità della neve alterino le proprietà di attrito del battistrada, influenzando la sua capacità di mantenere trazione e aderenza su strade innevate. L'analisi sottolinea l'importanza di considerare questi fattori nei processi di progettazione e ottimizzazione degli pneumatici. In conclusione, questa tesi contribuisce a una comprensione completa dei fattori che influenzano le prestazioni dei blocchi di battistrada invernali. Mediante l'elucidazione delle interazioni tra design del battistrada, proprietà dei materiali e condizioni ambientali, la ricerca migliora la conoscenza del comportamento degli pneumatici in condizioni di neve, contribuendo infine allo sviluppo di design di pneumatici invernali più sicuri ed efficienti.
Analysis of snow-tire traction using 3D printed tread blocks varying temperature and density of the snow
Cerasa, Maurizio
2023/2024
Abstract
The performance of winter tires in snowy conditions is crucial for ensuring road safety during adverse weather conditions. This thesis investigates the influence of various factors, including tread design, material properties and production parameters, on the performance of viscoelastic tread blocks used in winter tires. All these characteristics are analysed checking how these are affected varying the snow density and the temperature of the environment. The study employs a combination of experimental testing and numerical simulations to analyse the effects of tread design parameters such as geometry (lamella configuration), leading edge angle on traction, chosen material. This study builds upon a solid foundation established by the scientific community, which has extensively studied the complexities of tire behaviour and the interactions between tire and road surfaces proposing a mathematical model. This will be used to understand the mechanisms and the forces involved in the process. By integrating insights from previous studies and advancing the current understanding, this research aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve winter tire performance. The research begins discussing the challenges and advancements in the production of test specimens using additive manufacturing techniques. By leveraging additive manufacturing technologies, it is possible to create precise and reproducible test specimens with complex geometries, facilitating comprehensive experimental investigations into tire performance controlling the production parameters and, consequently, their influence. Then Abaqus simulations are performed in order to extract different leading edge and check in the experimental campaign its effect. Experimental results demonstrate how different lamella arrangements affect the friction force, the penetration of the tread controlling temperature and snow density. Along this research, an important role is given by the experiment design, it will be described carefully, showing all the steps to avoid errors during the test campaign. The core of the study is to investigate the effect of environmental factors such as temperature and snow density on tire performance. To do this, it is necessary to vary these two factors checking the influence of them. Experimental testing reveals how changes in temperature and snow density alter the frictional properties of the tire tread, affecting its ability to maintain traction and grip on snow-covered roads. The analysis highlights the importance of considering these factors in tire design and optimization processes. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing the performance of winter tread blocks. By elucidating the interactions between tread design, material properties, and environmental conditions, the research enhances some knowledges of tire behaviour in snowy conditions, ultimately contributing to the development of safer and more efficient winter tire designs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223549