In recent years, thermal technologies applied directly in situ have attracted particular interest in the sector of contaminated soil remediation. Among these, ERH (Electrical Resistance Heating) is one of the most interesting; it is fundamentally based on imposing the passage of an electric current through the soil, thus causing it to heat up due to the Joule effect, which in turn stimulates the volatilization of contaminants, as well as further auxiliary chemical-physical and biological processes, allowing the removal of contaminants to be achieved through extraction of the fluid phases or degradation. Despite the growing interest in ERH technology, there is still not much evidence in the literature of attempts at mathematical modeling of this remediation technique, especially when applied at full scale. In this thesis, a 3D mathematical model was made to simulate the ERH technology's functioning in a real contaminated site. To do this, the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used, a powerful simulation environment that can be used to solve many types of scientific and engineering problems. Given the complexity of the technology to be described, various versions of the model were developed and tested, characterized by different assumptions and simplifications. They were introduced due to problems encountered mainly in describing the fluid dynamics and phase transition from liquids to vapors, as well as in obtaining all the data necessary for the model. These difficulties have also led to focusing attention mainly on obtaining a forecast of the temperature reached in the soil, neglecting other aspects such as the processes of transformation and removal of pollutants. Given that the phenomena involved in the ERH process are strongly interdependent, all these assumptions and simplifications have certainly affected the accuracy of the results obtained, which, although qualitatively consistent, present a certain deviation from the field data they were compared with.
Negli ultimi anni nel settore delle bonifiche dei suoli contaminati stanno riscuotendo particolare interesse le tecnologie termiche applicate direttamente in situ. Tra queste l'ERH (Electrical Resistance Heating) è una delle principali; essa si basa fondamentalmente sull'imporre il passaggio di una corrente elettrica attraverso il suolo, causandone così un riscaldamento per effetto Joule, che a sua volta stimola la volatilizzazione dei contaminanti, oltre ad ulteriori processi chimico-fisici e biologici ausiliari, che permettono di conseguire la rimozione dei contaminanti tramite estrazione delle fasi fluide o degradazione. Nonostante il crescente interesse verso la tecnologia ERH, in letteratura ancora non si trovano molte testimonianze di tentativi di modellazione matematica di questa tecnica di bonifica, soprattutto applicata a piena scala. In questa tesi, si è costruito un modello matematico 3D per la simulazione del funzionamento della tecnologia ERH in un sito contaminato reale. Per farlo si è utilizzato il software COMSOL Multiphysics,un potente ambiente di simulazione utilizzabile per risolvere moltissime tipologie di problemi scientifici ed ingegneristici. Data la complessità della tecnologia da descrivere, sono state sviluppate e testate diverse versioni del modello, caratterizzate da differenti assunzioni e semplificazioni. Esse sono state introdotte per via di problematiche incontrate principalmente nel descrivere la fluidodinamica e i passaggi di fase da liquidi a vapori, oltre che nel reperimento di tutti i dati necessari al modello. Tali difficoltà hanno portato anche a concentrare l'attenzione principalmente sull'ottenere una previsione delle temperature raggiunte nel suolo, tralasciando altri aspetti come i processi di trasformazione e rimozione degli inquinanti. Dato che i fenomeni coinvolti nel processo ERH sono fortemente interdipendenti, tutte queste assunzioni e semplificazioni hanno sicuramente influito sull'accuratezza dei risultati ottenuti, che, sebbene qualitativamente coerenti, presentano una certa deviazione dai dati di campo con cui sono stati confrontati.
Sviluppo ed applicazione di un modello matematico semplificato per la simulazione di un impianto di bonifica mediante ERH
Santambrogio, Andrea
2023/2024
Abstract
In recent years, thermal technologies applied directly in situ have attracted particular interest in the sector of contaminated soil remediation. Among these, ERH (Electrical Resistance Heating) is one of the most interesting; it is fundamentally based on imposing the passage of an electric current through the soil, thus causing it to heat up due to the Joule effect, which in turn stimulates the volatilization of contaminants, as well as further auxiliary chemical-physical and biological processes, allowing the removal of contaminants to be achieved through extraction of the fluid phases or degradation. Despite the growing interest in ERH technology, there is still not much evidence in the literature of attempts at mathematical modeling of this remediation technique, especially when applied at full scale. In this thesis, a 3D mathematical model was made to simulate the ERH technology's functioning in a real contaminated site. To do this, the COMSOL Multiphysics software was used, a powerful simulation environment that can be used to solve many types of scientific and engineering problems. Given the complexity of the technology to be described, various versions of the model were developed and tested, characterized by different assumptions and simplifications. They were introduced due to problems encountered mainly in describing the fluid dynamics and phase transition from liquids to vapors, as well as in obtaining all the data necessary for the model. These difficulties have also led to focusing attention mainly on obtaining a forecast of the temperature reached in the soil, neglecting other aspects such as the processes of transformation and removal of pollutants. Given that the phenomena involved in the ERH process are strongly interdependent, all these assumptions and simplifications have certainly affected the accuracy of the results obtained, which, although qualitatively consistent, present a certain deviation from the field data they were compared with.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223747