This thesis investigates the social housing situation in Mexico City, focusing on Iztapalapa. It examines this topic as an entwined subject, meaning it explores and critically analyzes its historical background, political aspects, economic speculation, urban factors and consequently the architectural reflection of the topics initially mentioned. With the purpose to understand in a broader way the issues, situation and factors which move the sector. This investigation aims to provide, propose and sustain the project. Many “solutions” are outdated or poorly planned in a context where form follows revenue, making housing an exchangeable good instead of giving it value for its use alone, converting it into a commodity. Social housing is a complex issue and one that is often left unattended or poorly addressed. The urban sprawl, continuous population growth, lack of urban planning and correct policy implementation in Mexico City is a phenomenon that has been unceasingly becoming more relevant and continues to cause problems in various sectors. The projects are often not adequate, especially for a large low-income sector of the population. Problems such as providing the bare minimal spaces, remoteness, poor accessibility to goods and services, lack of identity and making it a business instead of a human right are causing a downfall. Given the vastness and composite territory of Mexico City, the investigation is primary centralized on Iztapalapa, the most populated and fastest growing borough in the city with the lowest social development indexes and one with a great potential. First giving an overall notion of the country’s situation and background. Starting from a macro analysis of national relevance such as historical data regarding housing, quantitative aspects and political/estate topics then into a more precise investigation of the borough and architectural typology. Concluding that with the unique eclectic architectural style of Iztapalapa, the amount of auto-construction, a lack of vertical buildings and a strong desire of personalization a project that permits this is therefore more appealing and with a greater possibility of success and acceptance. The main core and concept of the proposed project is creating a vernacular and banal unit, a tabula raza and innate approach. Each unit is divided in two, conceptually, a built and an empty, program-less space. The building is made up of same 3mts x 10mts modules, serving as a simple structure and base from where three diverse typologies are configured. There is a two, three or four module configuration units. Of which each unit, half or two thirds (depending on the typology) are built with the intrinsic and sometimes the most expensive parts of the household, such as kitchen and bathroom with the necessary installations. This built part is the banal core, leaving the rest of the unbuilt space for the vernacular and eclectic architecture to develop individually. “Auto construction can stop being understood as a threat of deterioration but rather as an alternative to personalize the urban space as well as the housing unit itself” 1 This expansive approach has been used throughout the years in diverse scales from the adaptable balconies in the Casablanca project “Nin d’abeille” by George Candilis in 1952 to the recent projects by Elemental resulting in positive ways such as greater sense of ownership therefore people take better care of the place and are prouder to live in a place which they got to personalize. This topic is seen as a controversial one, with buildings having these characteristics perceived as not “aesthetically” pleasing for everyone and letting the building be modified is maybe a nightmare for many architects, but instead of limiting it, I encourage it, removing the sanctity of built architecture and the detaching the status of the architect as a predicator and know it all. This study aims to enhance the realm of social housing by generating fresh insights. It does so by actively immersing itself in the current social fabric and daily experiences, deliberately separating architecture from mere functional demands within a enclosed area. This approach results in spaces constructed without predefining the activities to be accommodated within them. Creating neutral, intimate spaces where everyone can find themselves, reweaving threads into an otherwise imposed space. The challenge is to create flexible, neutral structures that are adaptable and accommodate change positively, opening the rather closed and finished architecture model to the world around.
Questa tesi indaga la situazione dell'edilizia sociale a Città del Messico, concentrandosi su Iztapalapa. Esamina questo argomento come un soggetto intrecciato, il che significa che esplora e analizza criticamente il suo contesto storico, gli aspetti politici, le speculazioni economiche, i fattori urbani e di conseguenza la riflessione architettonica degli argomenti inizialmente menzionati. Con lo scopo di comprendere in modo più ampio le questioni, la situazione e i fattori che muovono il settore. Questa ricerca mira a fornire, proporre e sostenere il progetto. Molte "soluzioni" sono obsolete o male progettate in un contesto in cui la forma segue il reddito, rendendo l'edilizia abitativa un bene scambiabile invece di conferirgli valore per il solo utilizzo, trasformandolo in una merce. L'edilizia sociale è una questione complessa e spesso trascurata o affrontata in modo inadeguato. La spinta urbana, la crescita continua della popolazione, la mancanza di pianificazione urbana e l'attuazione corretta delle politiche a Città del Messico sono un fenomeno che è diventato sempre più rilevante e continua a causare problemi in vari settori. I progetti spesso non sono adeguati, specialmente per un ampio settore a basso reddito della popolazione. Problemi come la fornitura di spazi minimi essenziali, lontananza, scarsa accessibilità a beni e servizi, mancanza di identità e la trasformazione in un affare piuttosto che in un diritto umano stanno causando un declino. Dato l'ampiezza e la composizione del territorio di Città del Messico, la ricerca è principalmente incentrata su Iztapalapa, il borgo più popolato e in più rapida crescita della città con i più bassi indici di sviluppo sociale e un grande potenziale. Inizialmente fornendo un'idea generale della situazione e del contesto del paese. Partendo da un'analisi macro di rilevanza nazionale come dati storici riguardanti l'edilizia, aspetti quantitativi e questioni politiche/immobiliari quindi in un'indagine più precisa del borgo e della tipologia architettonica. Concludendo che con lo stile architettonico eclettico unico di Iztapalapa, la quantità di auto-costruzioni, la mancanza di edifici verticali e un forte desiderio di personalizzazione, un progetto che permette ciò è quindi più interessante e con una maggiore possibilità di successo e accettazione. Il nucleo principale e il concetto del progetto proposto consistono nella creazione di un'unità vernacolare e banale, una tabula rasa e un approccio innato. Ogni unità è divisa concettualmente in due parti, una costruita e una vuota, uno spazio privo di programmi. L'edificio è composto dagli stessi moduli 3m x 10m, fungendo da struttura semplice e base da cui sono configurate tre diverse tipologie. Ci sono unità con configurazioni a due, tre o quattro moduli. Di queste unità, metà o due terzi (a seconda della tipologia) sono costruiti con parti intrinseche e talvolta le più costose della casa, come cucina e bagno con le necessarie installazioni. Questa parte costruita è il nucleo banale, lasciando il resto dello spazio non costruito alla architettura vernacolare ed eclettica per svilupparsi individualmente. "L'auto-costruzione può smettere di essere considerata una minaccia di deterioramento ma piuttosto come un'alternativa per personalizzare lo spazio urbano così come l'unità abitativa stessa" Questo approccio espansivo è stato utilizzato nel corso degli anni in diverse scale, dai balconi adattabili nel progetto Casablanca "Nin d'abeille" di George Candilis nel 1952 agli attuali progetti di Elemental, portando a risultati positivi come un maggiore senso di proprietà, quindi le persone si prendono meglio cura del luogo e sono più orgogliose di vivere in un posto che possono personalizzare. Questo argomento è considerato controverso, con edifici che hanno queste caratteristiche percepiti come non piacevoli "esteticamente" per tutti e lasciare che l'edificio venga modificato potrebbe essere un incubo per molti architetti, ma invece di limitarlo, lo incoraggio, togliendo la sacralità dell'architettura costruita e sganciando lo status dell'architetto come predicatore e saggio. Questo studio mira ad arricchire il settore dell'edilizia sociale generando nuovi spunti. Lo fa immergendosi attivamente nel tessuto sociale attuale e nelle esperienze quotidiane, separando deliberatamente l'architettura dalle mere esigenze funzionali all'interno di una zona chiusa. Questo approccio porta alla creazione di spazi costruiti senza predefinire le attività da ospitare al loro interno. Creando spazi neutrali e intimi in cui tutti possono ritrovarsi, intrecciando fili in uno spazio altrimenti imposto. La sfida è creare strutture flessibili e neutrali che siano adattabili e accolgano positivamente il cambiamento, aprendo il modello architettonico piuttosto chiuso e definitivo al mondo circostante.
A eclectic, vernacular and banal housing unit : through innatism and tabula rasa : Iztapalapa, Mexico City
Gaviria Villarreal, Andres
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis investigates the social housing situation in Mexico City, focusing on Iztapalapa. It examines this topic as an entwined subject, meaning it explores and critically analyzes its historical background, political aspects, economic speculation, urban factors and consequently the architectural reflection of the topics initially mentioned. With the purpose to understand in a broader way the issues, situation and factors which move the sector. This investigation aims to provide, propose and sustain the project. Many “solutions” are outdated or poorly planned in a context where form follows revenue, making housing an exchangeable good instead of giving it value for its use alone, converting it into a commodity. Social housing is a complex issue and one that is often left unattended or poorly addressed. The urban sprawl, continuous population growth, lack of urban planning and correct policy implementation in Mexico City is a phenomenon that has been unceasingly becoming more relevant and continues to cause problems in various sectors. The projects are often not adequate, especially for a large low-income sector of the population. Problems such as providing the bare minimal spaces, remoteness, poor accessibility to goods and services, lack of identity and making it a business instead of a human right are causing a downfall. Given the vastness and composite territory of Mexico City, the investigation is primary centralized on Iztapalapa, the most populated and fastest growing borough in the city with the lowest social development indexes and one with a great potential. First giving an overall notion of the country’s situation and background. Starting from a macro analysis of national relevance such as historical data regarding housing, quantitative aspects and political/estate topics then into a more precise investigation of the borough and architectural typology. Concluding that with the unique eclectic architectural style of Iztapalapa, the amount of auto-construction, a lack of vertical buildings and a strong desire of personalization a project that permits this is therefore more appealing and with a greater possibility of success and acceptance. The main core and concept of the proposed project is creating a vernacular and banal unit, a tabula raza and innate approach. Each unit is divided in two, conceptually, a built and an empty, program-less space. The building is made up of same 3mts x 10mts modules, serving as a simple structure and base from where three diverse typologies are configured. There is a two, three or four module configuration units. Of which each unit, half or two thirds (depending on the typology) are built with the intrinsic and sometimes the most expensive parts of the household, such as kitchen and bathroom with the necessary installations. This built part is the banal core, leaving the rest of the unbuilt space for the vernacular and eclectic architecture to develop individually. “Auto construction can stop being understood as a threat of deterioration but rather as an alternative to personalize the urban space as well as the housing unit itself” 1 This expansive approach has been used throughout the years in diverse scales from the adaptable balconies in the Casablanca project “Nin d’abeille” by George Candilis in 1952 to the recent projects by Elemental resulting in positive ways such as greater sense of ownership therefore people take better care of the place and are prouder to live in a place which they got to personalize. This topic is seen as a controversial one, with buildings having these characteristics perceived as not “aesthetically” pleasing for everyone and letting the building be modified is maybe a nightmare for many architects, but instead of limiting it, I encourage it, removing the sanctity of built architecture and the detaching the status of the architect as a predicator and know it all. This study aims to enhance the realm of social housing by generating fresh insights. It does so by actively immersing itself in the current social fabric and daily experiences, deliberately separating architecture from mere functional demands within a enclosed area. This approach results in spaces constructed without predefining the activities to be accommodated within them. Creating neutral, intimate spaces where everyone can find themselves, reweaving threads into an otherwise imposed space. The challenge is to create flexible, neutral structures that are adaptable and accommodate change positively, opening the rather closed and finished architecture model to the world around.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223827