Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare embryonic pathology characterized by the incomplete or incorrect development of the diaphragm, resulting in the herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension are often associated conditions with CDH. A prenatal intervention, such as tracheal occlusion, could potentially increase survival rates by reducing morbidity. Currently, tracheal occlusion is performed at 26-28 weeks of gestation using minimally invasive FETO. However, this technique has limitations, particularly the removal of the occlusion device could cause damage to tracheal tissue, necessitating further interventions. These complications could be avoided using an injectable, degradable material, which can also serve as a drug delivery system for treating pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension in CDH. This work is based on the study of drug release from a methylcellulose hydrogel. Initially, preliminary release tests were conducted with three different drugs. Finally, a tracheal model and an experimental apparatus were developed to repeat the experiments in an environment simulating in vivo conditions and ensure drug release to the target tissue. The objective of the second part of this study was to create a culture plate to investigate the behaviour of type II pneumocytes (A549) under static and dynamic conditions by varying applied pressure. The results indicated that the dynamic culture condition is more favourable than the static one. The metabolic activity of the cells was assessed using the Alamar BlueTM assay, while the production of surfactant protein C was analysed using qRT-PCR. Lastly, the effect of a specific dose of SC on A549 cells was evaluated.
L’ernia diaframmatica congenita (CDH) è una rara patologia embrionale, caratterizzata da un mancato o incompleto sviluppo del diaframma con conseguente erniazione degli organi addominali nella cavità toracica. Ipoplasia e ipertensione polmonare sono patologie spesso associate alla CDH. Un intervento prenatale, come l’occlusione tracheale, potrebbe aumentare i tassi di sopravvivenza riducendo la morbilità. Attualmente, l’occlusione tracheale viene eseguita a 26-28 settimane di gestazione mediante FETO minimamente invasiva. Questa tecnica presenta però dei limiti, in particolare l’estrazione del dispositivo per l’occlusione potrebbe provocare danni al tessuto tracheale, comportando successivi interventi. Queste complicazioni potrebbero essere evitate con un materiale iniettabile e degradabile, utilizzabile anche come drug delivery system per trattare ipoplasia e ipertensione polmonare nella CDH. Il presente lavoro si basa sullo studio del rilascio di farmaco da un idrogelo di metilcellulosa. Inizialmente sono stati effettuati dei test preliminari di rilascio. Infine, un modello di trachea ed un apparato sperimentale sono stati realizzati per ripetere gli esperimenti in un ambiente che simulasse le condizioni in vivo e per rilasciare il farmaco esclusivamente verso il tessuto target. L'obiettivo della seconda parte di questo lavoro è stato la realizzazione di una piastra di coltura per studiare il comportamento di pneumociti di tipo II (A549) in condizioni statiche e dinamiche al variare della pressione applicata. Dai risultati ottenuti si evince che il caso dinamico favorisce condizioni di coltura migliori rispetto al caso statico. L'attività metabolica delle cellule è stata valutata utilizzando il saggio Alamar BlueTM, mentre la produzione della proteina C tensioattiva è stata analizzata utilizzando la qRT-PCR. In fine è stato valutato l’effetto di una determinata dose di SC sulle cellule A594. I dati raccolti hanno permesso di dimostrare la non citotossicità del farmaco sia quando rilasciato da un idrogelo sia quando somministrato direttamente con il mezzo di coltura.
Injectable methylcellulose hydrogel as drug delivery system for fetoscopic tracheal occlusion in CDH
CALLEGARI, MARTA
2023/2024
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a rare embryonic pathology characterized by the incomplete or incorrect development of the diaphragm, resulting in the herniation of abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. Pulmonary hypoplasia and hypertension are often associated conditions with CDH. A prenatal intervention, such as tracheal occlusion, could potentially increase survival rates by reducing morbidity. Currently, tracheal occlusion is performed at 26-28 weeks of gestation using minimally invasive FETO. However, this technique has limitations, particularly the removal of the occlusion device could cause damage to tracheal tissue, necessitating further interventions. These complications could be avoided using an injectable, degradable material, which can also serve as a drug delivery system for treating pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension in CDH. This work is based on the study of drug release from a methylcellulose hydrogel. Initially, preliminary release tests were conducted with three different drugs. Finally, a tracheal model and an experimental apparatus were developed to repeat the experiments in an environment simulating in vivo conditions and ensure drug release to the target tissue. The objective of the second part of this study was to create a culture plate to investigate the behaviour of type II pneumocytes (A549) under static and dynamic conditions by varying applied pressure. The results indicated that the dynamic culture condition is more favourable than the static one. The metabolic activity of the cells was assessed using the Alamar BlueTM assay, while the production of surfactant protein C was analysed using qRT-PCR. Lastly, the effect of a specific dose of SC on A549 cells was evaluated.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_07_Callegari_Tesi.pdf
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2024_07_Callegari_Executive_Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/223910