Deep Drawing is a process of sheet metal forming manufacturing used to obtain hollow shape materials. It is exploited by Datwyler to produce aluminum caps for pharmaceutical packaging. During Deep Drawing, different types of defects can occur. These defects are discovered on caps after the beginning of the production, leading to a lot of scrap and wastes in time. Between them, both tearing and Earing, are known to have their root cause in the raw material properties. Therefore, to better understand the role of aluminum raw material in causing these defects, the present thesis project was focused on a study of aluminum properties with the aim of finding a way to characterize in advance the raw material quality and to develop a methodology to predict its goodness in terms of tearing/Earing defects expected on final caps. For this purpose, four typologies of analysis were conducted on samples of raw material collected: tensile test, eddy current, capping test and aluminum roughness. Their outcomes were studied by applying a statistical approach, using codes developed in R or Matlab, and the most suitable test to be exploited to predict tearing and Earing was identified, i.e the tensile test. In particular, the stress-strain curves resulted from tensile tests were utilized to develop a method to compute the degree of anisotropy of raw materials and to give them a score of goodness. The model proposed was finally validated against unseen data, gathered by testing new aluminum coils on a selected press and by monitoring the state of their production. In this validation testing phase, an initial investigation on the role of the die and the punching machine parameters in determining the Earing values was also conducted. The key findings demonstrated both the main role played by aluminum mechanical properties in causing tearing and Earing and the necessity of deepening the knowledge of an optimal set up of the die in order to reduce the occurrence of Earing defect. The results brought to the discussion to revise the current control procedure conducted on aluminum raw material used in Datwyler production, in favour of implementing the methodology here developed.
L’imbutitura è una tecnica di lavorazione delle lamiere metalliche utilizzata per creare oggetti con profonde cavità. Datwyler impiega questa tecnologia per produrre capsule d’alluminio destinate al packaging farmaceutico. Tuttavia, durante l’imbutitura, possono emergere vari difetti, che essendo rilevati solo dopo l’avvio della produzione, causano ingenti scarti di materiale e perdite di tempo. Tra i difetti, la frattura delle capsule e la presenza di Earing sono note per essere causate in primo luogo dalla qualità della materia prima. Quindi, proprio per comprendere meglio il ruolo che l’alluminio ricopre nel causare questi difetti, la presente tesi si è concentrata su uno studio delle proprietà dell’alluminio con l’obiettivo, da un lato, di trovare un modo per caratterizzare in anticipo la qualità della materia prima, dall’altro, di sviluppare una metodologia in grado di predirne la bontà. A questo scopo, sono stati eseguiti quattro tipi di analisi sui campioni di alluminio raccolti: prove a trazione, correnti indotte, capping test e misurazione della rugosità. I risultati sono stati esaminati con metodi statistici utilizzando R e Matlab e il test più adatto per prevedere i difetti di frattura ed Earing è stato identificato, i.e. la prova a trazione. In particolare, le curve sforzo-deformazione ottenute dalle prove a trazione sono state impiegate per sviluppare un metodo di calcolo del livello di anisotropia del materiale e di assegnazione di un punteggio di bontà. Il modello proposto è stato poi validato con nuovi dati ottenuti testando nuove bobine di alluminio su una pressa selezionata. In questa fase, si è anche iniziato a esplorare l’influenza della macchina e dello stampo sull’insorgenza dell’Earing. La tesi ha dimostrato sia il ruolo chiave rivestito dalle proprietà meccaniche dell’alluminio nel causare i difetti analizzati sia la necessità di approfondire la conoscenza dello stampo per ottimizzarne il setup e ridurre l’Earing. I risultati hanno portato a una discussione interna volta a rivedere la procedura di controllo della materia prima, in favore dell’implementazione della nuova metodologia qui sviluppata.
Role of the raw material properties on the deep drawing of aluminum capsules in pharmaceutical packaging
Zenucchi, Sara
2023/2024
Abstract
Deep Drawing is a process of sheet metal forming manufacturing used to obtain hollow shape materials. It is exploited by Datwyler to produce aluminum caps for pharmaceutical packaging. During Deep Drawing, different types of defects can occur. These defects are discovered on caps after the beginning of the production, leading to a lot of scrap and wastes in time. Between them, both tearing and Earing, are known to have their root cause in the raw material properties. Therefore, to better understand the role of aluminum raw material in causing these defects, the present thesis project was focused on a study of aluminum properties with the aim of finding a way to characterize in advance the raw material quality and to develop a methodology to predict its goodness in terms of tearing/Earing defects expected on final caps. For this purpose, four typologies of analysis were conducted on samples of raw material collected: tensile test, eddy current, capping test and aluminum roughness. Their outcomes were studied by applying a statistical approach, using codes developed in R or Matlab, and the most suitable test to be exploited to predict tearing and Earing was identified, i.e the tensile test. In particular, the stress-strain curves resulted from tensile tests were utilized to develop a method to compute the degree of anisotropy of raw materials and to give them a score of goodness. The model proposed was finally validated against unseen data, gathered by testing new aluminum coils on a selected press and by monitoring the state of their production. In this validation testing phase, an initial investigation on the role of the die and the punching machine parameters in determining the Earing values was also conducted. The key findings demonstrated both the main role played by aluminum mechanical properties in causing tearing and Earing and the necessity of deepening the knowledge of an optimal set up of the die in order to reduce the occurrence of Earing defect. The results brought to the discussion to revise the current control procedure conducted on aluminum raw material used in Datwyler production, in favour of implementing the methodology here developed.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_10_Zenucchi_Executive Summary.pdf
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2024_10_Zenucchi_Tesi.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/225875