The increasingly widespread use of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), in the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), has led researchers to face new challenges. In the past, SHM typically used wired sensors, but with advancements in wireless technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become popular due to their lower costs. However, WSNs face challenges, particularly with energy limitations and time synchronization issues, which are critical for accurate OMA results. Unsynchronized clocks in sensors can lead to inaccurate assessments of structural health. Solutions like GPS-based synchronization provide high accuracy but have high energy demands; therefore, effort was put into trying to develop synchronization algorithms that were less energy-consuming but at the same time simple to implement and with acceptable precision. Another challenge to be faced in the field of OMA is to study how environmental conditions affect the modal properties of civil structure. Many studies state that environmental factors, especially temperature, impact the accuracy of SHM results, therefore it is essential to fully understand the phenomenon in order to then filter out environmental influences. The aim of this thesis is, through experimental analyzes and numerical simulations, to delve into the aforementioned issues through the case study of the Bressana-Bottarone bridge (Pavia, Italy) where a WSN was installed to carry out structural monitoring of the bridge.
L’uso sempre più diffuso dell’Analisi Modale Operativa (OMA), nel contesto del Monitoraggio dello Stato Strutturale (SHM), ha portato i ricercatori ad affrontare nuove sfide. In passato, il monitoraggio strutturale utilizzava solitamente sensori cablati, ma con i progressi della tecnologia wireless, le reti di sensori wireless (WSN) sono diventate popolari grazie ai costi inferiori. Tuttavia, le WSN devono affrontare sfide, in particolare le limitazioni energetiche e i problemi di sincronizzazione temporale, che sono fondamentali per ottenere risultati accurati dell’Analisi Modale Operativa. I clock non sincronizzati nei sensori possono portare a valutazioni imprecise suulo stato di salute della struttura. Soluzioni come la sincronizzazione basata su GPS forniscono un’elevata precisione ma richiedono elevate esigenze energetiche; si è quindi cercato di sviluppare algoritmi di sincronizzazione che fossero meno energivori ma allo stesso tempo semplici da implementare e con una precisione accettabile. Un’altra sfida da affrontare nel campo dell’Analisi Modale Operativa è studiare come le condizioni ambientali influenzano le proprietà modali della struttura civile. Molti studi affermano che i fattori ambientali, in particolare la temperatura, influiscono sull’accuratezza dei risultati del monitoraggio strutturale, pertanto è essenziale comprendere appieno il fenomeno per poter poi filtrare le influenze ambientali. Lo scopo di questa tesi è, attraverso analisi sperimentali e simulazioni numeriche, approfondire le suddette problematiche attraverso il caso-studio del ponte Bressana-Bottarone (Pavia, Italia) dove è stata installata una WSN per effettuare il monitoraggio strutturale del ponte.
Structural health monitoring of a railway bridge using a wireless sensor network: effects of environmental conditions and synchronization error
Mannino, Andrea
2023/2024
Abstract
The increasingly widespread use of Operational Modal Analysis (OMA), in the context of Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), has led researchers to face new challenges. In the past, SHM typically used wired sensors, but with advancements in wireless technology, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become popular due to their lower costs. However, WSNs face challenges, particularly with energy limitations and time synchronization issues, which are critical for accurate OMA results. Unsynchronized clocks in sensors can lead to inaccurate assessments of structural health. Solutions like GPS-based synchronization provide high accuracy but have high energy demands; therefore, effort was put into trying to develop synchronization algorithms that were less energy-consuming but at the same time simple to implement and with acceptable precision. Another challenge to be faced in the field of OMA is to study how environmental conditions affect the modal properties of civil structure. Many studies state that environmental factors, especially temperature, impact the accuracy of SHM results, therefore it is essential to fully understand the phenomenon in order to then filter out environmental influences. The aim of this thesis is, through experimental analyzes and numerical simulations, to delve into the aforementioned issues through the case study of the Bressana-Bottarone bridge (Pavia, Italy) where a WSN was installed to carry out structural monitoring of the bridge.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/226258