The growing use of lightweight composite materials, such as Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), has pushed the industry to explore alternative joining solutions beyond the classical ones. Adhesive bonding has become a popular choice due to its advantages: reduce weight, high design flexibility, low stress concentration, and good damage tolerance. However, this technology still lacks in reliability. For this reason, characterising adhesive joints using Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) and adopting Non-Destructive Testing techniques (NDT) is fundamental. In this thesis, crack growth in CFRP Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens under Mode I loading conditions was monitored using Visual Testing (VT), distributed strain sensing by Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR), and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Two types of CFRP adherends were investigated: Unidirectional and Twill Woven. The specimens were manufactured and tested in the Politecnico di Milano laboratories. All the tests were run under the same displacement-controlled condition. The analysis of results from the testing machine and the three NDT techniques revealed that the VT was not able to give reliable results when used simultaneously with the DIC. In contrast, both OBR and DIC effectively monitored the crack propagation during the tests. However, OBR showed lack in precision when woven adherends were considered, while DIC’s accuracy was highly affected by the quality of the speckle pattern. Finally, to characterise the adhesive bonding, the direct method, an innovative numerical technique, was employed. This approach involved deriving the CZM parameters from experimental data. The obtained results were in good correlation with the experimental ones.
Il crescente utilizzo di materiali compositi, come la plastica rinforzata con fibre di carbonio (CFRP), ha spinto il mercato ad investire in soluzioni di assemblaggio alternative rispetto a quelle classiche. In particolare i giunti incollati sono diventati molto popolari grazie a diversi suoi vantaggi: peso ridotto, alta flessibilità progettuale, bassa concentrazione degli sforzi e buona tolleranza ai danni. Tuttavia, questa tecnologia presenta ancora diversi limiti soprattutto in termini di affidabilità. Per questo motivo, caratterizzare i giunti adesivi utilizzando i Modelli di Zona Coesiva (CZM) e adottare prove non distruttive (NDT)è fondamentale. Questa tesi intende monitorare la propagazione di cricche in provini incollati, realizzati in plastica rinforzata con fibre di carbonio, sottoposti a condizioni di carico di tipo I, utilizzando prove visive (VT), fibre ottiche per la rilevazione distribuita delle deformazioni tramite riflettometria a retrodiffusione ottica (OBR) e la correlazione di immagini digitali (DIC). Due tipi di substrati CFRP sono stati analizzati: unidirezionali a fibre continue e intrecciati. I campioni sono stati fabbricati e testati nei laboratori del Politecnico di Milano. Tutti i test sono stati eseguiti in controllo di spostamento. L'analisi dei risultati provenienti dalla macchina di prova e dalle tre tecniche di NDT ha rivelato che la prova visiva non era in grado di fornire risultati affidabili quando utilizzata contemporaneamente con la DIC. Al contrario, sia l'OBR che la DIC hanno monitorato efficacemente la propagazione della cricca durante i test. Tuttavia, l'OBR ha mostrato una riduzione nella precisione quando si consideravano i provini con substrati intrecciati, mentre l'accuratezza della DIC è stata influenzata dalla qualità dello speckle. Infine, per uno studio quantitativo del giunto incollato, è stato applicato il metodo diretto. Questa innovativa tecnica numerica consente di derivare i parametri del CZM partendo dai dati sperimentali. I risultati ottenuti hanno mostrato una buona correlazione con quelli sperimentali.
Assessment of crack monitoring of CFRP-CFRP adhesively bonded joints under mode I loading condition
Bertoni, Claudio
2023/2024
Abstract
The growing use of lightweight composite materials, such as Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics (CFRP), has pushed the industry to explore alternative joining solutions beyond the classical ones. Adhesive bonding has become a popular choice due to its advantages: reduce weight, high design flexibility, low stress concentration, and good damage tolerance. However, this technology still lacks in reliability. For this reason, characterising adhesive joints using Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) and adopting Non-Destructive Testing techniques (NDT) is fundamental. In this thesis, crack growth in CFRP Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) specimens under Mode I loading conditions was monitored using Visual Testing (VT), distributed strain sensing by Optical Backscatter Reflectometry (OBR), and Digital Image Correlation (DIC). Two types of CFRP adherends were investigated: Unidirectional and Twill Woven. The specimens were manufactured and tested in the Politecnico di Milano laboratories. All the tests were run under the same displacement-controlled condition. The analysis of results from the testing machine and the three NDT techniques revealed that the VT was not able to give reliable results when used simultaneously with the DIC. In contrast, both OBR and DIC effectively monitored the crack propagation during the tests. However, OBR showed lack in precision when woven adherends were considered, while DIC’s accuracy was highly affected by the quality of the speckle pattern. Finally, to characterise the adhesive bonding, the direct method, an innovative numerical technique, was employed. This approach involved deriving the CZM parameters from experimental data. The obtained results were in good correlation with the experimental ones.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/226742