Radioactive wastes containing Cs are generated by the nuclear industry and deserve special attentions. Indeed, their pre-disposal management is challenging due to the characteristics of this element, such as its volatility, solubility, reactivity and speciation. In literature, the use of zeolites for the uptake of Cs is widely reported, due to their selectivity. How ever, most of the works rely on crystalline-pure zeolites, increasing the costs associated with their use, and little interest is paid to cheaper, promising, raw minerals. In this work, a zeolitic tuff, which is a natural, unprocessed, low-cost and worldwide available material, is proposed as an adsorbent for the removal of Cs from aqueous solutions. A thorough characterisation of the tuff was performed, confirming the presence of chabazite and phillipsite zeolites as main phases, which are known for their good ion-exchange prop erties. The adsorptive capacity of the zeolitic tuff towards Cs+ ions was investigated on a laboratory scale in an analytical way. The study of kinetics showed, contrary to the literature about pure zeolites, a slow process, attributable to the presence of subordi nate mineral phases. The adsorption isotherms confirmed the selectivity of the proposed tuff toward Cs, while a decrease in the adsorptive capacity, consistent with a decrease in the Gibbs free energy of Cs uptake, was observed with increasing temperature. The exothermic and spontaneous nature of the exchange, also found in other literature works regarding similar adsorbents, indicated an optimum temperature equal to the ambient one. Competitive adsorption between Cs, Co, Ni, Nd, and Sr, investigated to prelimi nary mimic real-waste scenarios, showed that the tuff is very selective towards Cs, Nd, and Sr, and that the selectivity towards Cs is almost unaffected by the presence of other cations. Overall, this work confirms the potential use of this material in the treatment of radioactive waste containing Cs, fostering future studies on further investigating the adsorption kinetics, completing the characterization of the material to develop a process for radioactive effluents decontamination and/or waste conditioning.
I rifiuti radioattivi contaminati da Cs sono generati dall’industria nucleare e meritano par ticolare attenzione. Infatti, la loro gestione pre-smaltimento è impegnativa a causa delle caratteristiche di questo elemento, quali la volatilità, solubilità, reattività e speciazione. In letteratura, l’uso delle zeoliti per la cattura del Cs è ampiamente riportato, grazie alla loro selettività. Tuttavia, la maggior parte dei lavori si basa su zeoliti mono-cristalline, con costi più alti associati al loro utilizzo, e poco interesse è rivolto a minerali grezzi più eco nomici e promettenti. In questo lavoro, un tufo zeolitico, che è un materiale naturale, non lavorato, economico e disponibile in tutto il mondo, viene proposto come adsorbente per la rimozione del Cs da soluzioni acquose. È stata eseguita un’accurata caratterizzazione del tufo, confermando la presenza di zeoliti cabasite e phillipsite come fasi principali. La capacità adsorbente del tufo zeolitico verso ioni Cs+ è stata studiata su scala laborato riale. Lo studio della cinetica mostra, diversamente da quanto riportato in letteratura sulle zeoliti pure, un processo lento, imputabile alla presenza di fasi minerali subordinate. Le isoterme di adsorbimento confermano la selettività del tufo verso il Cs, mentre una diminuzione della capacità adsorbente, coerente con una diminuzione dell’energia libera di Gibbs dell’assorbimento del Cs, viene osservata all’aumentare della temperatura. La natura esotermica e spontanea del fenomeno, coerente la letteratura relativa ad adsorbenti simili, suggerisce la temperatura ambiente come ottimale. L’adsorbimento competitivo tra Cs, Co, Ni, Nd e Sr, studiato per simulare scenari con rifiuti reali, mostra che il tufo è selettivo anche verso Nd e Sr e che la selettività verso il Cs non è influenzata dalla pre senza di altri cationi. In definitiva, questo lavoro conferma il potenziale utilizzo di questo materiale nel trattamento di rifiuti radioattivi contenenti Cs, favorendo studi futuri per migliorare la cinetica di adsorbimento e ampliare lo studio sul materiale per sviluppare un processo di decontaminazione di rifiuti radioattivi e/o del loro condizionamento.
Physical chemistry investigation of Cs-zeolite interaction in a tuff for radioactive waste management applications
LEANZA, MATTIA
2023/2024
Abstract
Radioactive wastes containing Cs are generated by the nuclear industry and deserve special attentions. Indeed, their pre-disposal management is challenging due to the characteristics of this element, such as its volatility, solubility, reactivity and speciation. In literature, the use of zeolites for the uptake of Cs is widely reported, due to their selectivity. How ever, most of the works rely on crystalline-pure zeolites, increasing the costs associated with their use, and little interest is paid to cheaper, promising, raw minerals. In this work, a zeolitic tuff, which is a natural, unprocessed, low-cost and worldwide available material, is proposed as an adsorbent for the removal of Cs from aqueous solutions. A thorough characterisation of the tuff was performed, confirming the presence of chabazite and phillipsite zeolites as main phases, which are known for their good ion-exchange prop erties. The adsorptive capacity of the zeolitic tuff towards Cs+ ions was investigated on a laboratory scale in an analytical way. The study of kinetics showed, contrary to the literature about pure zeolites, a slow process, attributable to the presence of subordi nate mineral phases. The adsorption isotherms confirmed the selectivity of the proposed tuff toward Cs, while a decrease in the adsorptive capacity, consistent with a decrease in the Gibbs free energy of Cs uptake, was observed with increasing temperature. The exothermic and spontaneous nature of the exchange, also found in other literature works regarding similar adsorbents, indicated an optimum temperature equal to the ambient one. Competitive adsorption between Cs, Co, Ni, Nd, and Sr, investigated to prelimi nary mimic real-waste scenarios, showed that the tuff is very selective towards Cs, Nd, and Sr, and that the selectivity towards Cs is almost unaffected by the presence of other cations. Overall, this work confirms the potential use of this material in the treatment of radioactive waste containing Cs, fostering future studies on further investigating the adsorption kinetics, completing the characterization of the material to develop a process for radioactive effluents decontamination and/or waste conditioning.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/226939