Recent political efforts have been intensified to address global warming and climate change concerns in order to prevent the harmful impacts of excessive anthropogenic CO2 levels in the atmosphere. In the future, Purple methanol could be a key player in eco-friendly chemical production. In this context, a methanol synthesis plant using nuclear energy from fourth-generation micro modular reactors has been proposed. These reactors, distinguished by a fully ceramic structure and the employment of helium as a coolant, offer a new approach for environmentally friendly and secure nuclear power generation. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of producing methanol from CO2 and H2. The research involves comparing various technologies for capturing and utilizing CO2 (Direct Air Capture, Carbon Capture System of flue gases, and utilizing free CO2 from companies), emphasizing their positive impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency. The findings indicate that, despite being costly to operate, the methanol synthesis plant presents considerable environmental benefits in comparison to traditional plants. Significant reductions in CO2 emissions were observed, ranging from -0.94 to -1.6 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH for DAC and other technologies, in contrast to the 0.5-4.3 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH range for traditional plants. The economic analysis showed that the levelized cost of methanol production is 1809$ per ton in the worst case scenario with DAC, and 1381$ and 1283$ per ton with CCS and free CO2 technologies, respectively. These high values are expected to decline as technology advances. Reducing the CAPEX (of the DAC unit and nuclear batteries) and incorporating additional energy optimizations can enhance the economic competitiveness of the process.
I recenti sforzi politici sono stati intensificati per affrontare le preoccupazioni relative al riscaldamento globale e al cambiamento climatico, al fine di prevenire gli impatti dannosi dell'eccessivo livello di CO2 antropogenico nell'atmosfera. In futuro, il metanolo viola potrebbe essere un elemento chiave nella produzione chimica ecologica. In questo contesto, è stato proposto un impianto di sintesi del metanolo che utilizza energia nucleare da reattori micro-modulari di quarta generazione. Questi reattori, caratterizzati da una struttura completamente ceramica e dall'impiego dell'elio come refrigerante, offrono un nuovo approccio per la generazione di energia nucleare ecologica e sicura. Lo scopo di questa tesi è valutare l'impatto economico e ambientale della produzione di metanolo da CO2 e H2. La ricerca prevede il confronto di diverse tecnologie per la cattura e l'utilizzo della CO2 (Direct Air Capture, Sistemi di cattura di CO2 da gas di combustione e utilizzo della CO2 gratis da aziende ), sottolineando il loro impatto positivo sulla riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra e sul miglioramento dell'efficienza energetica. I risultati indicano che, nonostante il costo di gestione, l'impianto di sintesi del metanolo presenta notevoli vantaggi ambientali rispetto agli impianti tradizionali. Sono state osservate riduzioni significative delle emissioni di CO2, che vanno da -0,94 a -1,6 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH per il DAC e le altre tecnologie, in contrasto con gli 0,5-4,3 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH degli impianti tradizionali. L'analisi economica ha mostrato che il costo livellato della produzione di metanolo è di 1809$ per tonnellata nello scenario peggiore con il DAC, e di 1381$ e 1283$ per tonnellata rispettivamente con le tecnologie CCS e CO2 gratis. Nonostante siano attualmente elevati, si prevede che questi valori diminuiranno con il progredire della tecnologia. La riduzione del CAPEX (dell'unità DAC e delle batterie nucleari) e l'incorporazione di ulteriori ottimizzazioni energetiche possono aumentare la competitività economica del processo.
Techno-economic assessment and ecological footprint analysis of a purple methanol synthesis plant
Signorelli, Margherita
2023/2024
Abstract
Recent political efforts have been intensified to address global warming and climate change concerns in order to prevent the harmful impacts of excessive anthropogenic CO2 levels in the atmosphere. In the future, Purple methanol could be a key player in eco-friendly chemical production. In this context, a methanol synthesis plant using nuclear energy from fourth-generation micro modular reactors has been proposed. These reactors, distinguished by a fully ceramic structure and the employment of helium as a coolant, offer a new approach for environmentally friendly and secure nuclear power generation. The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of producing methanol from CO2 and H2. The research involves comparing various technologies for capturing and utilizing CO2 (Direct Air Capture, Carbon Capture System of flue gases, and utilizing free CO2 from companies), emphasizing their positive impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions and improving energy efficiency. The findings indicate that, despite being costly to operate, the methanol synthesis plant presents considerable environmental benefits in comparison to traditional plants. Significant reductions in CO2 emissions were observed, ranging from -0.94 to -1.6 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH for DAC and other technologies, in contrast to the 0.5-4.3 kgCO2-eq/kgMeOH range for traditional plants. The economic analysis showed that the levelized cost of methanol production is 1809$ per ton in the worst case scenario with DAC, and 1381$ and 1283$ per ton with CCS and free CO2 technologies, respectively. These high values are expected to decline as technology advances. Reducing the CAPEX (of the DAC unit and nuclear batteries) and incorporating additional energy optimizations can enhance the economic competitiveness of the process.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
THESIS_PURPLE_METHANOL SIGNORELLI_MARGHERITA.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Master's thesis by Margherita Signorelli, conducted under the supervision of Prof. Manenti and Eng. Marcello Maria Bozzini. The thesis focuses on a techno-economic assessment and ecological footprint analysis of a plant that produces methanol from CO2 (sourced from DAC, CCS from flue gases, and CO2 provided by other existing facilities), powered by fourth-generation nuclear batteries.
Dimensione
7.59 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
7.59 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
Executive_Summary__PURPLE_METHANOL_SIGNORELLI_MARGHERITA.pdf
accessibile in internet solo dagli utenti autorizzati
Descrizione: Master's thesis by Margherita Signorelli, conducted under the supervision of Prof. Manenti and Eng. Marcello Maria Bozzini. The thesis focuses on a techno-economic assessment and ecological footprint analysis of a plant that produces methanol from CO2 (sourced from DAC, CCS from flue gases, and CO2 provided by other existing facilities), powered by fourth-generation nuclear batteries.
Dimensione
648.99 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
648.99 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227136