The blockchain trilemma states that you cannot maximize decentralization, security and scalability when building a blockchain, but you have to make trade-offs. To try to resolve the trilemma, blockchain developers and experts have proposed various solutions. In this thesis, some of these solutions will be briefly analyzed, including layer 1 solutions such as block modifications, sharding and some consensus mechanisms but also layer 2 solutions such as channels, sidechains and rollups. Subsequently, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the Algorand blockchain to verify whether it manages to resolve the trilemma through its Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS) consensus mechanism. During the analysis, the decentralization of Algorand is compared with the two most widespread and important blockchains, Bitcoin and Ethereum. The performance of Algorand in handling high transaction throughput is examined and compared to other blockchains. Additionally, some blockchain attacks are analyzed, including the Sybil attack, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Eclipse attack, and others. For each of the attacks analyzed it is said which of the properties of Algorand guarantee its security.
Il trilemma delle blockchain afferma che non è possibile massimizzare decentralizzazione, sicurezza e scalabilità quando si realizza una blockchain, ma bisogna fare compromessi. Per cercare di risolvere il trilemma, gli sviluppatori e gli esperti delle blockchain hanno proposto varie soluzioni. In questa tesi, vengono analizzate brevemente alcune di queste soluzioni, tra cui soluzioni layer 1 come modifiche ai blocchi, sharding e alcuni meccanismi di consenso ma anche soluzioni layer 2 come i channel, sidechain e i rollup. Successivamente la tesi si concentra sull'analisi della blockchain Algorand per verificare se effettivamente riesce a risolvere il trilemma attraverso il suo meccanismo di consenso Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS). Durante l'analisi viene confrontata la decentralizzazione di Algorand con le due più diffuse e importanti blockchain, Bitcoin e Ethereum. Vengono esaminate le prestazioni di Algorand nella gestione di un elevato throughput di transazioni e vengono confrontate con le altre blockchain. Inoltre, vengono analizzati alcuni attacchi alle blockchain, tra cui l'attacco Sybil, il Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), l'attacco Eclipse e altri. Per ognuno degli attacchi analizzati viene detto quale delle proprietà di Algorand ne garantiscono la sicurezza.
Algorand e il trilemma delle blockchain: analisi di scalabilità, decentralizzazione e sicurezza.
PERUZZI, ALESSANDRO;TAGLIABUE, DANIELE
2023/2024
Abstract
The blockchain trilemma states that you cannot maximize decentralization, security and scalability when building a blockchain, but you have to make trade-offs. To try to resolve the trilemma, blockchain developers and experts have proposed various solutions. In this thesis, some of these solutions will be briefly analyzed, including layer 1 solutions such as block modifications, sharding and some consensus mechanisms but also layer 2 solutions such as channels, sidechains and rollups. Subsequently, the thesis focuses on the analysis of the Algorand blockchain to verify whether it manages to resolve the trilemma through its Pure Proof of Stake (PPoS) consensus mechanism. During the analysis, the decentralization of Algorand is compared with the two most widespread and important blockchains, Bitcoin and Ethereum. The performance of Algorand in handling high transaction throughput is examined and compared to other blockchains. Additionally, some blockchain attacks are analyzed, including the Sybil attack, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), Eclipse attack, and others. For each of the attacks analyzed it is said which of the properties of Algorand guarantee its security.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227305