Intramolecular dynamics frequently involve the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, leading to ultrafast non-adiabatic processes. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the structural and electronic rearrangements occurring during chemical reactions, it is essential to employ techniques capable of probing these dynamics on their characteristic ultrafast timescales, while disentangling the electronic and vibrational components. Time-Resolved PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (TR-PES) is a powerful pump-probe technique that uses photoionization as a probe mechanism to investigate non-adiabatic molecular dynamics. This thesis provides an overview of the UV-XUV TR-PES technique, emphasizing its importance in the field of femtochemistry. A presentation of our experimental beamline is provided. It is capable of performing TR-PES experiments using tunable UV pump pulses and narrowband and ultrashort XUV probe pulses achieving sub-20-fs temporal resolution. This technique is applied to the investigation of the ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of three organic molecules: 5-methyl-furfural, 2-acetyl-5-methyl-furan, and pyrrole- 2-carboxaldehyde. Our measurements reveal two time constants for the decay of the higher-excited signal in 5-methyl-furfural and a single and faster decay in the case of 2- acetyl-5-methyl-furan. In contrast, the different heteroatom in the five-membered ring of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde leads to significantly quicker dynamics, likely involving a proton transfer process with strong vibrational coherences being detected.
Le dinamiche intramolecolari spesso implicano l’accoppiamento di gradi di libertà elettronici e nucleari, che portano a processi non-adiabatici ultrarapidi. Per ottenere una comprensione globale dei riarrangiamenti strutturali ed elettronici che si verificano durante le reazioni chimiche, è essenziale impiegare tecniche in grado di rilevare queste dinamiche alle loro scale temporali ultra-veloci, e capaci di discernere le dinamiche elettroniche da quelle vibrazionali. La spettroscopia fotoelettronica ultra-veloce tempo-risolta (TR-PES) è una promettente tecnica di pump-probe che utilizza la fotoionizzazione come meccanismo di probe per lo studio delle dinamiche molecolari non-adiabatiche. Questa tesi fornisce una panoramica della tecnica di UV-XUV TR-PES, sottolineandone l’importanza nel campo della femtochimica. Viene fornita una presentazione della nostra linea sperimentale. Essa è in grado di eseguire esperimenti TR-PES raggiungendo una risoluzione temporale inferiore a 20 fs utilizzando impulsi di pump UV tunabili in lunghezza d’onda e impulsi di probe XUV ultrabrevi e a banda stretta. Questa tecnica viene applicata all’indagine delle dinamiche non-adiabatiche di tre molecole organiche: 5-metil-furfural, 2-acetil-5-metil-furano e pirrolo-2-carbossaldeide. Le nostre misure rivelano la presenza di due costanti di tempo per il decadimento del segnale a minore energia di legame nel 5-metil-furfural, mentre, nel caso del 2-acetil-5-metil-furano, un solo decadimento, complessivamente più rapido, sembra essere presente. Il diverso eteroatomo nell’anello aromatico del pirrolo-2-carbossaldeide porta ad una dinamica significativamente più veloce, probabilmente associata a un processo di trasferimento di protoni, e mostra la presenza di forti coerenze vibrazionali.
Ultrafast UV-XUV spectroscopy of organic molecules
Ortolan, Marta
2023/2024
Abstract
Intramolecular dynamics frequently involve the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom, leading to ultrafast non-adiabatic processes. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the structural and electronic rearrangements occurring during chemical reactions, it is essential to employ techniques capable of probing these dynamics on their characteristic ultrafast timescales, while disentangling the electronic and vibrational components. Time-Resolved PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (TR-PES) is a powerful pump-probe technique that uses photoionization as a probe mechanism to investigate non-adiabatic molecular dynamics. This thesis provides an overview of the UV-XUV TR-PES technique, emphasizing its importance in the field of femtochemistry. A presentation of our experimental beamline is provided. It is capable of performing TR-PES experiments using tunable UV pump pulses and narrowband and ultrashort XUV probe pulses achieving sub-20-fs temporal resolution. This technique is applied to the investigation of the ultrafast non-adiabatic dynamics of three organic molecules: 5-methyl-furfural, 2-acetyl-5-methyl-furan, and pyrrole- 2-carboxaldehyde. Our measurements reveal two time constants for the decay of the higher-excited signal in 5-methyl-furfural and a single and faster decay in the case of 2- acetyl-5-methyl-furan. In contrast, the different heteroatom in the five-membered ring of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde leads to significantly quicker dynamics, likely involving a proton transfer process with strong vibrational coherences being detected.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_10_Ortolan_Tesi.pdf.pdf
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Descrizione: Testo della Tesi
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2024_10_Ortolan_Executive Summary.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227416