Polymer nanocarriers (NCs) have acquired a relevant role in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, research activities have shown that it is possible to design and synthesize drug delivery systems with controlled physicochemical properties through the rational polymer design approach. Adjusting the composition and architecture of the block copolymers of interest is essential to ensure the desired loading efficiency, release kinetics, and drug biodistribution. This project aims at obtaining a library of amphiphilic block copolymers composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), and polyglycidyl methacrylate (PgMA), variedly treated with functionalizing agents (thiols and peptides) to obtain NCs presenting different properties according to the intended application. The copolymer synthesis combined two techniques: ring-opening polymerization (ROP) for the hydrophobic block and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for the hydrophilic block of the amphiphiles. All copolymers containing gMA were functionalized by click post-polymerization modification exploiting its highly sensitive epoxy ring. Polymeric nanocarriers were obtained by nanoprecipitation in aqueous media. Through functionalization with thiol groups, nanoparticles with mucoadhesive and size-reduction capabilities were produced able to improve delivery and therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the possibility to generate hybrid systems combining polymeric NPs with gold NPs was proved with the ultimate goal of exploiting a synergistic curative effect. In parallel, the functionalization reaction with RGD peptide, which facilitates NPs cellular adhesion on target tumor by binding integrin receptors overexpressed in prostate cancer curable by an epigenetic drug , was refined and used in this work to evaluate the encapsulation ability of NCs.
I nanocarrier polimerici (NC) hanno acquisito un ruolo rilevante nel campo della somministrazione di farmaci. Negli ultimi anni, le attività di ricerca hanno dimostrato che è possibile progettare e sintetizzare sistemi di rilascio di farmaci con proprietà fisico-chimiche controllate attraverso un approccio di progettazione razionale dei polimeri. La regolazione della composizione e dell'architettura dei copolimeri a blocchi di interesse è essenziale per garantire l'efficienza di carico, la cinetica di rilascio e la biodistribuzione del farmaco desiderate. Questo progetto mira a ottenere una libreria di copolimeri a blocchi anfifilici composti da poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA) e polyglycidyl methacrylate (PgMA), trattati con differenti agenti funzionalizzanti (tioli e peptidi) per ottenere NCs che presentino proprietà diverse a seconda dell'applicazione prevista. La sintesi dei copolimeri ha combinato due tecniche: la polimerizzazione ad apertura ad anello (ROP) per il blocco idrofobico e la polimerizzazione radicale a trasferimento atomico (ATRP) per il blocco idrofilo. Tutti i copolimeri contenenti gMA sono stati funzionalizzati mediante una modifica post-polimerizzazione (“click reaction”) sfruttando il suo anello epossidico altamente sensibile. I NCs polimerici sono stati ottenuti per nanoprecipitazione in ambiente acquoso. Attraverso la funzionalizzazione con gruppi tiolici, sono state prodotte nanoparticelle con capacità mucoadesive e di riduzione delle dimensioni, in grado di migliorare la somministrazione e i risultati terapeutici. Inoltre, è stata dimostrata la possibilità di generare sistemi ibridi che combinano NPs polimeriche con NPs d'oro, con l'obiettivo finale di sfruttare un effetto curativo sinergico. Parallelamente, è stata perfezionata la reazione di funzionalizzazione con il peptide RGD, che facilita l'adesione cellulare delle NPs al tumore bersaglio legando i recettori di integrina sovraespressi nel cancro alla prostata curabile con un farmaco epigenetico, e utilizzata in questo lavoro per valutare la capacità di incapsulamento delle NCs.
Complex macromolecular architectures for tailored interactions and targeted therapy
Sbaruffati, Giulia
2023/2024
Abstract
Polymer nanocarriers (NCs) have acquired a relevant role in the field of drug delivery. In recent years, research activities have shown that it is possible to design and synthesize drug delivery systems with controlled physicochemical properties through the rational polymer design approach. Adjusting the composition and architecture of the block copolymers of interest is essential to ensure the desired loading efficiency, release kinetics, and drug biodistribution. This project aims at obtaining a library of amphiphilic block copolymers composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate (PEGMA), and polyglycidyl methacrylate (PgMA), variedly treated with functionalizing agents (thiols and peptides) to obtain NCs presenting different properties according to the intended application. The copolymer synthesis combined two techniques: ring-opening polymerization (ROP) for the hydrophobic block and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) for the hydrophilic block of the amphiphiles. All copolymers containing gMA were functionalized by click post-polymerization modification exploiting its highly sensitive epoxy ring. Polymeric nanocarriers were obtained by nanoprecipitation in aqueous media. Through functionalization with thiol groups, nanoparticles with mucoadhesive and size-reduction capabilities were produced able to improve delivery and therapeutic outcomes. In addition, the possibility to generate hybrid systems combining polymeric NPs with gold NPs was proved with the ultimate goal of exploiting a synergistic curative effect. In parallel, the functionalization reaction with RGD peptide, which facilitates NPs cellular adhesion on target tumor by binding integrin receptors overexpressed in prostate cancer curable by an epigenetic drug , was refined and used in this work to evaluate the encapsulation ability of NCs.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2024_10_Sbaruffati_Thesis_01.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Thesis
Dimensione
2.51 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
2.51 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2024_10_Sbaruffati_ExecutiveSummary_02.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
1.2 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
1.2 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227434