Neoliberalism, which started in the 1980s and became the dominant paradigm, and the associated globalization discussions have directly affected urban and urbanisation practices as in many other fields. The year 1980 was a milestone for Turkey, which was introduced to neoliberalism under the military coup regime. Although the seeds of neoliberal urbanisation were sown until the 2000s, neoliberalism took root in 2002 when the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power alone. Following the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the General Elections held in 2011 signalled a different period for both Turkey and Istanbul. With the 2011 General Elections, megaprojects have been on the agenda of Istanbul and Turkey. Following these elections, it was observed that the political power shifted towards centralist and authoritarian policies. The Gezi Resistance in June 2013 was the first urban reaction against this authoritarianism, but authoritarianism continued with the use of both political and physical force. In 2018, the new phase that started after the coup attempt in 2016 accelerated the institutionalisation of centralisation and authoritarianism as the Turkish Type Presidential System. With the new system, the process of implementing megaprojects has accelerated. The rapidly authoritarian government has started to instrumentalise megaprojects in order to maintain its favouritist relationship with construction capital and to strengthen its hegemony. By focusing on megaprojects in Istanbul, particularly Canal Istanbul and its neighbouring projects, this study aims to reveal the new organisation that political power has established to re-shape both the city and society.
Il neoliberismo, iniziato negli anni '80 e diventato il paradigma dominante, e le discussioni sulla globalizzazione ad esso associate hanno influenzato direttamente le pratiche urbane e di urbanizzazione come in molti altri campi. L'anno 1980 è stato una pietra miliare per la Turchia, che è stata introdotta al neoliberismo sotto il regime del colpo di Stato militare. Sebbene i semi dell'urbanizzazione neoliberale siano stati gettati fino agli anni Duemila, il neoliberismo ha messo radici nel 2002, quando il Partito per la Giustizia e lo Sviluppo (AKP) è salito al potere da solo. Dopo la crisi finanziaria globale del 2008-2009, le elezioni generali del 2011 hanno segnato un periodo diverso sia per la Turchia che per Istanbul. Con le elezioni generali del 2011, i megaprogetti sono stati inseriti nell'agenda di Istanbul e della Turchia. In seguito a queste elezioni, si è osservato che il potere politico si è spostato verso politiche centraliste e autoritarie. La resistenza di Gezi, nel giugno 2013, è stata la prima reazione urbana contro questo autoritarismo, ma l'autoritarismo è continuato con l'uso della forza sia politica che fisica. Nel 2018, la nuova fase iniziata dopo il tentativo di colpo di Stato del 2016 ha accelerato l'istituzionalizzazione della centralizzazione e dell'autoritarismo con il sistema presidenziale di tipo turco. Con il nuovo sistema, il processo di attuazione dei megaprogetti ha subito un'accelerazione. Il governo, rapidamente autoritario, ha iniziato a strumentalizzare i megaprogetti per mantenere il rapporto di favore con il capitale edilizio e rafforzare la propria egemonia. Concentrandosi sui megaprogetti di Istanbul, in particolare su Canal Istanbul e sui progetti vicini, questo studio mira a rivelare la nuova organizzazione che il potere politico ha stabilito per rimodellare sia la città che la società.
Megaprojects as an Instrument of Authoritarian Governance: The Case of Canal Istanbul Project
Kurtoglu, Efe
2023/2024
Abstract
Neoliberalism, which started in the 1980s and became the dominant paradigm, and the associated globalization discussions have directly affected urban and urbanisation practices as in many other fields. The year 1980 was a milestone for Turkey, which was introduced to neoliberalism under the military coup regime. Although the seeds of neoliberal urbanisation were sown until the 2000s, neoliberalism took root in 2002 when the Justice and Development Party (AKP) came to power alone. Following the global financial crisis of 2008-2009, the General Elections held in 2011 signalled a different period for both Turkey and Istanbul. With the 2011 General Elections, megaprojects have been on the agenda of Istanbul and Turkey. Following these elections, it was observed that the political power shifted towards centralist and authoritarian policies. The Gezi Resistance in June 2013 was the first urban reaction against this authoritarianism, but authoritarianism continued with the use of both political and physical force. In 2018, the new phase that started after the coup attempt in 2016 accelerated the institutionalisation of centralisation and authoritarianism as the Turkish Type Presidential System. With the new system, the process of implementing megaprojects has accelerated. The rapidly authoritarian government has started to instrumentalise megaprojects in order to maintain its favouritist relationship with construction capital and to strengthen its hegemony. By focusing on megaprojects in Istanbul, particularly Canal Istanbul and its neighbouring projects, this study aims to reveal the new organisation that political power has established to re-shape both the city and society.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227586