Fiber-reinforced composite materials are widely used in structural applications where a high strength-to-weight ratio is crucial, due to their excellent specific strength. Thermoset polymers are typically preferred as matrix material over thermoplastics because of their superior strength and chemical resistance, provided by their crosslinked network structure. However, this same structure poses a significant drawback: the composites are difficult to repair, requiring complex and expensive repair processes that are often ineffective. This limitation contributes to the early end-of-life of components, which negatively impacts the circular economy. To address this issue, a new class of polymers known as vitrimers was used as the matrix. Vitrimers combine the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of thermosets with the processability of thermoplastics, thanks to their covalent adaptable networks. Woven glass fiber-reinforced imine-based vitrimer composites were produced and tested at 8J and 12J impact energy levels. The samples were then evaluated using Compression After Impact (CAI) testing to measure repair efficiency before and after repair. The 8J impact samples demonstrated an impressive 98% recovery of compressive strength after repair. While the 12J impact samples showed less satisfactory repair efficiency, they still exhibited excellent performance during CAI testing, behaving similarly to undamaged specimens. These findings suggest that vitrimers are a highly promising matrix material for fiber-reinforced composites, particularly in terms of sustainability and long-term performance.
I materiali compositi rinforzati con fibre sono ampiamente utilizzati in applicazioni strutturali dove un elevato rapporto resistenza-peso è fondamentale, grazie alla loro ec cellente resistenza specifica. I polimeri termoindurenti sono tipicamente preferiti come materiale matrice rispetto ai termoplastici per la loro superiore resistenza e resistenza chimica, garantita dalla loro struttura reticolata. Tuttavia, questa stessa struttura presenta un notevole svantaggio: i compositi sono difficili da riparare, richiedendo processi di riparazione complessi e costosi che spesso risultano inefficaci. Questa limitazione con tribuisce a una fine prematura della vita utile dei componenti, con un impatto negativo sull'economia circolare. Per affrontare questo problema, è stata utilizzata una nuova classe di polimeri noti come vitrimeri come matrice. I vitrimeri combinano la resistenza meccanica e la resistenza chimica dei termoindurenti con la processabilità dei termo plastici, grazie alle loro reti covalenti adattabili. Sono stati prodotti compositi in vit rimeri a base di imina rinforzati con fibre di vetro intrecciate e sottoposti a test a livelli di energia d'impatto di 8J e 12J. I campioni sono stati poi valutati utilizzando test di Compressione Dopo Impatto (CAI) per misurare l'efficienza della riparazione prima e dopo l'intervento. I campioni impattati a 8J hanno dimostrato un notevole recupero del 98% della resistenza alla compressione dopo la riparazione. Sebbene i campioni im pattati a 12J abbiano mostrato un'efficienza di riparazione meno soddisfacente, hanno comunque esibito eccellenti prestazioni durante i test CAI, comportandosi in modo sim ile ai campioni non danneggiati. Questi risultati suggeriscono che i vitrimeri rappresen tano un materiale di matrice altamente promettente per i compositi rinforzati con fibre, soprattutto in termini di sostenibilità e prestazioni a lungo termine.
Intrinsic repairability of glass fibre reinforced vitrimer composites
KATRIGHATTA RAMESH, TEJAS GOWDA
2023/2024
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced composite materials are widely used in structural applications where a high strength-to-weight ratio is crucial, due to their excellent specific strength. Thermoset polymers are typically preferred as matrix material over thermoplastics because of their superior strength and chemical resistance, provided by their crosslinked network structure. However, this same structure poses a significant drawback: the composites are difficult to repair, requiring complex and expensive repair processes that are often ineffective. This limitation contributes to the early end-of-life of components, which negatively impacts the circular economy. To address this issue, a new class of polymers known as vitrimers was used as the matrix. Vitrimers combine the mechanical strength and chemical resistance of thermosets with the processability of thermoplastics, thanks to their covalent adaptable networks. Woven glass fiber-reinforced imine-based vitrimer composites were produced and tested at 8J and 12J impact energy levels. The samples were then evaluated using Compression After Impact (CAI) testing to measure repair efficiency before and after repair. The 8J impact samples demonstrated an impressive 98% recovery of compressive strength after repair. While the 12J impact samples showed less satisfactory repair efficiency, they still exhibited excellent performance during CAI testing, behaving similarly to undamaged specimens. These findings suggest that vitrimers are a highly promising matrix material for fiber-reinforced composites, particularly in terms of sustainability and long-term performance.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/227728