The research investigates “the bases” of social housing districts, understood as an inseparable ensemble or series of architectural and urban sequences made up of open spaces and ground connections of the buildings, aiming to find a method of reading and approaching the project for their reactivation. Faced with the more simplistic actions seen in the demolition, erasure of traces or shattering (résidentialisation) of these grounds as a quick solution for intervention, the proposed methodological approach is based on the idea that these contexts often preserve signals and ideas to be researched and that, if used as a reference, they may be enabled to provide indications and anchorage points for a contemporary project, indeed based on the interpretation of these districts as a legacy to be preserved. A focus on researching a design vocabulary and state-of-the-art interventions in these ‘public bases’ - that would allow us to understand the complexity but also the ‘vagueness’ of these spaces - led to the definition of a synthetic term - namely ‘urban stereotomy’ - capable of summarising the main methodological directions and objectives of the work. As an autonomous discipline, stereotomy refers precisely to the formal field of ‘bases’, of which it describes some principles applicable to the sphere of the urban (such as the necessary solidity, reactivity, and preparatory nature of the design aimed at the correct ‘cutting of solids’), gathering many directions and orientations shared by the research. Beyond this “operational” metaphor, the thesis investigates a precise production of social housing that is identified by studying some thematic, lexical and normative cornerstones around the production and debate on the theme of relational space in these districts, comparing writings, drawings and districts built from the late 1960s to the late 1970s (1967-79). These were the years in which the theories of the ‘urban project’ spread in the field of social housing, with an exchange of ideas and references mainly involving Italy and France. From here, then, and within the chosen framework, three metropolitan contexts (Rome, Milan and Paris) are studied, where three case studies are identified with an instrumental role in exploring and preparing some reactivation strategies for their bases, already framed by three “pilot” case studies that build, as mentioned above, a thematic and chronological reference framework. Therefore, the explorations of these districts are instrumental in producing drawings and solutions that, collected in an atlas and interpreting these spaces as places rich in ‘city ideas’, want to take a stand against those simplistic, destructive or generic interventions often advocated by administrations. More operationally, therefore, the study of these ensembles starts from a comparison of visible and invisible traces, given by the practices of use of these bases (traces of use) and by the presence of a rich archival material that can define, in an open way, orientations on which the project can refer to the unfinished (traces of absence). In this way, an “active memory” of these public grounds is defined as a vast “archive” from which to draw in order to give new directions and new ideas to the contemporary project, a more solid and instrumental support. Urban stereotomy, therefore, enriched by the research of an “active memory”, intends to confirm the importance and value of these spaces at the basis of mass housing districts, orienting contemporary design and rehabilitation towards reflections that take into more significant consideration the compositional values in which these grounds are rich, showing how integration between contemporary needs and respect for often unfulfilled ideas of the city can be reconciled or at least imagined.
La ricerca si occupa dello studio dei basamenti dei quartieri di edilizia residenziale pubblica, intesi come un insieme o una serie inscindibile di sequenze architettoniche e urbane costituite dagli spazi aperti e dall’attacco al suolo degli edifici, con l'obiettivo di individuare un metodo di lettura e di approccio aperto al progetto per la loro riattivazione. Di fronte ad azioni più semplicistiche che vedono nella demolizione, nella totale “tabula rasa” o nella "résidentialisation" di questi suoli pubblici una soluzione rapida di intervento, l'approccio metodologico proposto si basa sull'idea che questi contesti spesso conservano segni e idee da ricercare e che, se utilizzati come riferimento, possono essere in grado di fornire indicazioni e punti di ancoraggio per un progetto contemporaneo, in una visione più generale di questi quartieri come eredità da preservare. L'attenzione alla ricerca di un vocabolario progettuale e di uno stato dell’arte relativo agli interventi di recupero di questi basamenti pubblici - che permettano di comprendere la complessità ma anche la “vaghezza” di questi spazi - ha portato alla definizione di un termine sintetico - quello di “stereotomia urbana” - capace di riassumere le principali direzioni metodologiche e gli obiettivi del lavoro. Come disciplina autonoma, la stereotomia fa riferimento proprio al campo formale dei “basamenti”, di cui descrive alcuni principi applicabili a questo preciso ambito urbano (come la necessaria solidità, la reattività e la propedeuticità del disegno finalizzato al corretto “taglio dei solidi”), raccogliendo molte direzioni e orientamenti condivisi dalla ricerca. Al di là di questa metafora “operativa”, la tesi indaga una precisa produzione di edilizia residenziale pubblica individuata studiando alcuni capisaldi tematici, lessicali e normativi intorno alla produzione e al dibattito sul tema dello spazio di relazione di questi quartieri, confrontando scritti, disegni ed edifici costruiti dalla fine degli anni '60 alla fine degli anni '70 (1967-79). Questi, infatti, sono gli anni in cui si diffondono le teorie del progetto urbano nel campo dell'edilizia sociale, con uno scambio di idee e riferimenti che coinvolge soprattutto l'Italia e la Francia. Da qui, dunque, e all'interno del quadro di riferimento scelto, si è scelto di analizzare tre contesti metropolitani (quelli di Roma, Milano e Parigi), in cui vengono selezionati tre casi studio con un ruolo strumentale per l’esplorazione e l’individuazione di alcune strategie di riattivazione delle loro basi. Contesti geografici già inquadrati da altri casi studio (definiti “pilota”) che costruiscono, come detto, un fondamentale quadro di riferimento tematico e cronologico. Le esplorazioni di questi quartieri sono, dunque, funzionali alla produzione di disegni e soluzioni meta progettuali che, raccolti in un atlante posto alla fine del volume, interpretano questi spazi come luoghi ricchi di “idee di città” prendendo una posizione chiara contro quegli interventi distruttivi o generici spesso propugnati dalle amministrazioni pubbliche. Da un punto di vista più operativo, i disegni contenuti nell’atlante partono da un confronto tra tracce visibili, date dalle pratiche d'uso di queste basi (tracce d'uso), e tracce invisibili, leggibili solo attraverso lo studio del ricco materiale archivistico, che potrebbe segnare, in modo aperto, un orientamento verso cui il progetto può riferirsi (tracce dell’assenza). In questo modo, si delinea una sorta di “memoria attiva” di questi suoli pubblici, intesa come un vasto “archivio” da cui attingere per dare nuove direzioni e nuove idee al progetto contemporaneo, un supporto più solido e strumentale. La stereotomia urbana, dunque, arricchita dalla ricerca di una “memoria attiva”, vuole confermare l'importanza e il valore di questi spazi alla base dei quartieri residenziali pubblici, orientando la progettazione e la riqualificazione contemporanea verso riflessioni che tengano maggiormente in considerazione i valori compositivi di cui questi suoli sono ricchi, mostrando come l'integrazione tra esigenze contemporanee e ritorno verso alcune idee di città incompiute possa essere conciliata o almeno immaginata.
Urban Stereotomy. Methodological explorations for a reactive solidity in mass housing base
Sorgini, Valerio Maria
2023/2024
Abstract
The research investigates “the bases” of social housing districts, understood as an inseparable ensemble or series of architectural and urban sequences made up of open spaces and ground connections of the buildings, aiming to find a method of reading and approaching the project for their reactivation. Faced with the more simplistic actions seen in the demolition, erasure of traces or shattering (résidentialisation) of these grounds as a quick solution for intervention, the proposed methodological approach is based on the idea that these contexts often preserve signals and ideas to be researched and that, if used as a reference, they may be enabled to provide indications and anchorage points for a contemporary project, indeed based on the interpretation of these districts as a legacy to be preserved. A focus on researching a design vocabulary and state-of-the-art interventions in these ‘public bases’ - that would allow us to understand the complexity but also the ‘vagueness’ of these spaces - led to the definition of a synthetic term - namely ‘urban stereotomy’ - capable of summarising the main methodological directions and objectives of the work. As an autonomous discipline, stereotomy refers precisely to the formal field of ‘bases’, of which it describes some principles applicable to the sphere of the urban (such as the necessary solidity, reactivity, and preparatory nature of the design aimed at the correct ‘cutting of solids’), gathering many directions and orientations shared by the research. Beyond this “operational” metaphor, the thesis investigates a precise production of social housing that is identified by studying some thematic, lexical and normative cornerstones around the production and debate on the theme of relational space in these districts, comparing writings, drawings and districts built from the late 1960s to the late 1970s (1967-79). These were the years in which the theories of the ‘urban project’ spread in the field of social housing, with an exchange of ideas and references mainly involving Italy and France. From here, then, and within the chosen framework, three metropolitan contexts (Rome, Milan and Paris) are studied, where three case studies are identified with an instrumental role in exploring and preparing some reactivation strategies for their bases, already framed by three “pilot” case studies that build, as mentioned above, a thematic and chronological reference framework. Therefore, the explorations of these districts are instrumental in producing drawings and solutions that, collected in an atlas and interpreting these spaces as places rich in ‘city ideas’, want to take a stand against those simplistic, destructive or generic interventions often advocated by administrations. More operationally, therefore, the study of these ensembles starts from a comparison of visible and invisible traces, given by the practices of use of these bases (traces of use) and by the presence of a rich archival material that can define, in an open way, orientations on which the project can refer to the unfinished (traces of absence). In this way, an “active memory” of these public grounds is defined as a vast “archive” from which to draw in order to give new directions and new ideas to the contemporary project, a more solid and instrumental support. Urban stereotomy, therefore, enriched by the research of an “active memory”, intends to confirm the importance and value of these spaces at the basis of mass housing districts, orienting contemporary design and rehabilitation towards reflections that take into more significant consideration the compositional values in which these grounds are rich, showing how integration between contemporary needs and respect for often unfulfilled ideas of the city can be reconciled or at least imagined.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/228033