This work proposes innovative solutions for mitigating CO2 emissions from the steelmaking sector. Given the severe climate crisis and the urgent need to limit the adverse effects of global warming, drastic changes are required across various industries. Among these, the iron and steel sector is responsible for the largest share of emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of global emissions. To meet emissions reduction targets, substantial investments are necessary to minimize the carbon footprint of the steel industry. This thesis contributes to advance towards a close-to-zero emissions steel steelmaking sector. The integration of innovative carbon capture technologies within the layout of a conventional BF-BOF (Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace) steel mill is proposed, and a comprehensive techno-economic analysis is conducted. The thesis also explores concepts of carbon capture and utilization (CCU), industrial symbiosis, and circularity. This is achieved through the techno-economic analysis of plants capable of producing fertilizers using residual steel gases as feedstock, thereby enhancing sustainability through the use of carbon capture technologies. Alternative pathways to reduce emissions in the DRI-EAF (Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace) steelmaking process are also proposed and analysed. Dedicated models were developed to highlight the advantages and limitations of the innovative carbon capture technologies compared to the benchmark. This work contributes to improve the understanding of the optimal integration of emerging carbon capture technologies in existing steelmaking routes. Aspen Plus was extensively used to model the various plants analysed. Additionally, Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) was employed to develop the dynamic model of the ammonia synthesis loop of the INITIATE project pilot plant under construction in Sweden. The developed model was linked to the ACM models created by TNO, a partner of the INITIATE project, enabling the simulation of the entire INITIATE process. The results presented in this thesis show that the solution proposed and the technologies analysed can reach high levels of abatement of CO2 emissions. The results obtained are of significant interest to companies in the steel sector and researchers working on the development of carbon capture technologies.
Questo lavoro propone soluzioni innovative per mitigare le emissioni di CO2 del settore siderurgico. Data la grave crisi climatica e l'urgente necessità di limitare gli effetti negativi del riscaldamento globale, sono necessari cambiamenti drastici in diversi settori industriali. Tra questi, il settore siderurgico è responsabile della maggior parte delle emissioni globali, pari a circa il 7%. Per raggiungere gli obiettivi di riduzione delle emissioni, sono dunque necessari ingenti investimenti. Questa tesi contribuisce a progredire verso un settore siderurgico ad emissioni prossime allo zero. In questo lavoro viene proposta l'integrazione di tecnologie innovative per la cattura della CO2 nel layout di un'acciaieria convenzionale BF-BOF (Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace) conducendo un'analisi tecno-economica completa. La tesi esplora anche i concetti di cattura e utilizzo della CO2 (CCU), di simbiosi industriale e di circolarità, analizzando impianti in grado di produrre fertilizzanti a partire dai gas residui di un'acciaieria attraverso l'uso di tecnologie di cattura dell’anidride carbonica, migliorandone così la sostenibilità. Vengono inoltre proposti e analizzati processi alternativi per ridurre le emissioni di impianti DRI-EAF (Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace). Sono stati sviluppati modelli dedicati, evidenziando i vantaggi e i limiti delle tecnologie innovative di cattura della CO2 rispetto alle tecnologie di riferimento. Questo lavoro perciò contribuisce a migliorare la comprensione riguardo l'integrazione ottimale di tecnologie emergenti per la cattura dell’anidride carbonica nei processi siderurgici esistenti. Aspen Plus è stato ampiamente utilizzato per modellare i vari impianti analizzati. Inoltre, Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) è stato usato per sviluppare il modello dinamico del processo di sintesi dell'ammoniaca dell'impianto pilota del progetto INITIATE, attualmente in costruzione in Svezia. Il modello sviluppato è stato collegato ai modelli ACM creati da TNO, un partner del progetto INITIATE, consentendo così la simulazione dell'intero processo INITIATE. I risultati presentati in questa tesi dimostrano che le soluzione proposte e le tecnologie analizzate possono raggiungere alti livelli di abbattimento delle emissioni di CO2. I risultati ottenuti sono di notevole interesse per le aziende del settore siderurgico e per i ricercatori che lavorano allo sviluppo delle tecnologie di cattura dell’anidride carbonica.
Integration of SEWGS and DISPLACE technologies in steel plants for mitigation of CO2 emissions
ZECCA, NICOLA
2023/2024
Abstract
This work proposes innovative solutions for mitigating CO2 emissions from the steelmaking sector. Given the severe climate crisis and the urgent need to limit the adverse effects of global warming, drastic changes are required across various industries. Among these, the iron and steel sector is responsible for the largest share of emissions, accounting for approximately 7% of global emissions. To meet emissions reduction targets, substantial investments are necessary to minimize the carbon footprint of the steel industry. This thesis contributes to advance towards a close-to-zero emissions steel steelmaking sector. The integration of innovative carbon capture technologies within the layout of a conventional BF-BOF (Blast Furnace-Basic Oxygen Furnace) steel mill is proposed, and a comprehensive techno-economic analysis is conducted. The thesis also explores concepts of carbon capture and utilization (CCU), industrial symbiosis, and circularity. This is achieved through the techno-economic analysis of plants capable of producing fertilizers using residual steel gases as feedstock, thereby enhancing sustainability through the use of carbon capture technologies. Alternative pathways to reduce emissions in the DRI-EAF (Direct Reduced Iron-Electric Arc Furnace) steelmaking process are also proposed and analysed. Dedicated models were developed to highlight the advantages and limitations of the innovative carbon capture technologies compared to the benchmark. This work contributes to improve the understanding of the optimal integration of emerging carbon capture technologies in existing steelmaking routes. Aspen Plus was extensively used to model the various plants analysed. Additionally, Aspen Custom Modeler (ACM) was employed to develop the dynamic model of the ammonia synthesis loop of the INITIATE project pilot plant under construction in Sweden. The developed model was linked to the ACM models created by TNO, a partner of the INITIATE project, enabling the simulation of the entire INITIATE process. The results presented in this thesis show that the solution proposed and the technologies analysed can reach high levels of abatement of CO2 emissions. The results obtained are of significant interest to companies in the steel sector and researchers working on the development of carbon capture technologies.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/228412