The thesis reflects on the role of drawing within the conceptual phase of the design process and questions the possibility and methods of preserving its cognitive and maieutic value even during the digital transition. The research is divided into two parts. In the first part, the scope of the research is introduced by investigating how drawing fosters the development of design thinking in what Renato De Fusco defines as the auroral phase, where the idea begins to develop. In this phase, drawing acts as an active mediator between the author's thought and the progressive definition of the form. This highlights the ability of drawing to function as a cognitive tool for understanding the existing reality and its transformative possibilities, showing how, in the process of observing and reworking reality with a view to defining a new physical structure, representation allows for and implies a critical judgment of reality. This reality is understood both in the physical-material sense and as a repository of formally defined responses, to which the designer can refer in the search for their own solution to the design problem. Similarly, the use of a specific representation system is often linked to a particular theoretical viewpoint on architecture and composition. With the aim of reflecting on the potential support of digital tools in the design process with the same effectiveness as analog drawing, design trends and operational methods specific to assisted design were explored, revealing how their use in the conceptual phase has led to an exclusively generative approach, pursuing a formalism that diverges from the established forms of History. Instead, understanding architectural design as the reinterpretation and modification of a context based on the established forms of History, the research questions how digital representation tools can be properly applied in the auroral phase of the design, whether such manipulations can effectively make use of digital tools, and what expressive aspects they are capable of supporting. These questions introduce the second and more experimental part of the thesis, in which the genetic process of a selection of projects developed between the 1920s and 1960s, originally created by their authors using analog representation, was digitally retraced. The choice of case studies was guided not only by the sufficient availability of archival graphic materials but also by the variety of design approaches and methodologies, shaped by the different personalities and dispositions of the authors within the context of the evolving educational path. This path was stimulated by the lively debate on architectural education between the 1920s and 1960s at the Politecnico di Milano. This selection was guided by the desire to identify diverse design experiences in which formal reflections arose from a critical and interpretative analysis of the established forms of History. The findings of this investigation suggested an openness to the possibility of a conscious experimentation, even in the educational field, of software applications in support of architectural design, promoting the transition to digital representation systems, provided that it is based on an adequate understanding of the logical constructs of drawing, the foundational principles of representation, and the specific potential of each digital tool.
La tesi riflette sul ruolo del disegno all’interno della fase ideativa dell’iter progettuale e si interroga sulla possibilità e sui modi per salvaguardarne il valore conoscitivo e maieutico anche nella transizione digitale. La ricerca si articola in due parti. Nella prima parte, viene introdotto l’ambito della ricerca, indagando il modo in cui il disegno induce lo sviluppo del pensiero progettuale in quella fase definita da Renato De Fusco come aurorale, in cui l’idea inizia a svilupparsi, svolgendo un ruolo da mediatore attivo tra pensiero dell’autore e progressiva definizione della forma. Ciò mette in luce la capacità del disegno di fungere da strumento conoscitivo dell’esistente e delle sue possibilità di trasformazione, evidenziando come, nel processo di osservazione e rielaborazione della realtà in vista della definizione di un nuovo assetto fisico, la rappresentazione consenta e implichi un giudizio critico sulla realtà, intesa sia in senso fisico-materiale e sia come patrimonio di risposte formalmente definite, a cui il progettista può fare riferimento nella ricerca della propria risposta al problema progettuale. Allo stesso modo l’uso di un determinato sistema di rappresentazione è risultato essere spesso legato a uno specifico punto di vista teorico sull’architettura e della composizione. Con l’intento di riflettere sul possibile supporto degli strumenti digitali nell’iter progettuale con la stessa efficacia del disegno analogico, sono state quindi indagate le tendenze progettuali e le modalità operative proprie della progettazione assistita, evidenziando come il loro impiego nella fase ideativa abbia condotto a un approccio di tipo esclusivamente generativo, inseguendo un formalismo che si discosta dalle forme consolidate della Storia. Intendendo invece il progetto d’architettura come reinterpretazione e modificazione di un contesto sulla scorta delle forme consolidate della Storia, la ricerca si interroga su come si possano applicare propriamente gli strumenti di rappresentazione digitale nella fase aurorale del progetto, se tali manipolazioni possano avvalersi efficacemente degli strumenti digitali e quali aspetti espressivi essi siano in grado di supportare. Questi interrogativi introducono la seconda e più sperimentale parte della tesi, nella quale è stato ripercorso digitalmente il processo genetico di una selezione di progetti sviluppati tra gli anni ’20 e ‘60, che erano stati elaborati dagli autori con la rappresentazione analogica. La scelta dei casi studio è stata guidata, oltre che da una sufficiente disponibilità di materiali grafici archivistici, soprattutto dalla varietà di approcci progettuali e metodologici, frutto della diversità d‘indole e personalità degli autori, nel quadro dell’evoluzione del percorso formativo, stimolata dal vivace dibattito sulla formazione dell’architetto tra gli anni Venti e Sessanta del secolo scorso al Politecnico di Milano. Tale selezione è stata guidata dalla volontà di identificare esperienze progettuali, diversificate ma in cui le cui riflessioni formali fossero scaturite da un’analisi critica e interpretativa delle forme consolidate della Storia. Gli esiti di tale indagine hanno suggerito un’apertura verso la possibilità di una consapevole sperimentazione anche in ambito didattico dell’applicazione dei software a sostegno del progetto d’architettura, incentivando la transizione verso i sistemi rappresentativi digitali, purché basata su un’adeguata conoscenza dei costrutti logici del disegno, dei principi fondativi della rappresentazione e delle potenzialità specifiche di ciascuno strumento digitale.
Disegno e idea di progetto. Riflessioni sulla transizione digitale del processo ideativo in architettura
Santacroce, Cecilia
2023/2024
Abstract
The thesis reflects on the role of drawing within the conceptual phase of the design process and questions the possibility and methods of preserving its cognitive and maieutic value even during the digital transition. The research is divided into two parts. In the first part, the scope of the research is introduced by investigating how drawing fosters the development of design thinking in what Renato De Fusco defines as the auroral phase, where the idea begins to develop. In this phase, drawing acts as an active mediator between the author's thought and the progressive definition of the form. This highlights the ability of drawing to function as a cognitive tool for understanding the existing reality and its transformative possibilities, showing how, in the process of observing and reworking reality with a view to defining a new physical structure, representation allows for and implies a critical judgment of reality. This reality is understood both in the physical-material sense and as a repository of formally defined responses, to which the designer can refer in the search for their own solution to the design problem. Similarly, the use of a specific representation system is often linked to a particular theoretical viewpoint on architecture and composition. With the aim of reflecting on the potential support of digital tools in the design process with the same effectiveness as analog drawing, design trends and operational methods specific to assisted design were explored, revealing how their use in the conceptual phase has led to an exclusively generative approach, pursuing a formalism that diverges from the established forms of History. Instead, understanding architectural design as the reinterpretation and modification of a context based on the established forms of History, the research questions how digital representation tools can be properly applied in the auroral phase of the design, whether such manipulations can effectively make use of digital tools, and what expressive aspects they are capable of supporting. These questions introduce the second and more experimental part of the thesis, in which the genetic process of a selection of projects developed between the 1920s and 1960s, originally created by their authors using analog representation, was digitally retraced. The choice of case studies was guided not only by the sufficient availability of archival graphic materials but also by the variety of design approaches and methodologies, shaped by the different personalities and dispositions of the authors within the context of the evolving educational path. This path was stimulated by the lively debate on architectural education between the 1920s and 1960s at the Politecnico di Milano. This selection was guided by the desire to identify diverse design experiences in which formal reflections arose from a critical and interpretative analysis of the established forms of History. The findings of this investigation suggested an openness to the possibility of a conscious experimentation, even in the educational field, of software applications in support of architectural design, promoting the transition to digital representation systems, provided that it is based on an adequate understanding of the logical constructs of drawing, the foundational principles of representation, and the specific potential of each digital tool.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_10_Santacroce_indice.pdf
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Descrizione: Indice tesi
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2024_10_Santacroce.pdf
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Descrizione: Copertina della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/228732