Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs) are a novel phenomenon across the fixed income instruments in Sustainable Finance. These bonds’ coupon is contingent on the issuer achieving a predetermined ESG target, favouring the integration of sustainable goals in company overall strategy without requiring a-priori complex projects as green bonds. Achieving zero net carbon emissions by 2050 requires substantial investments, up to USD 7.4 trillion per year by 2030. The need to meet this huge financial demand has led to the creation of sustainability-linked instruments such as loans and bonds. However, after a promising launch in 2021, SLBs experienced a significant slowdown in issuance compared to green bonds in 2023. In our study we examined the SLBs primary market pricing and whether there is a coherent relationship between issuer ESG profile along three dimensions (Financing, Innovation and Controversies management) and investors’ reaction. These dimensions were constructed through data wrangling from several sources (Refinitiv, Orbis). Certain variables, such as ESG-labelled Debt, were uniquely created from scratch for this study. We find no evidence of a positive impact of ESG labelled Debt on the likelihood of SLBs being overpriced; instead, surprisingly, higher ESG debt of a company is associated with less favourable conditions. Additionally, initial SLBs issuances did not demonstrate pricing advantages, and factors such as green innovation and ESG controversies management do not influence SLBs pricing. These results should raise concerns to practitioners, highlighting the limited impact of ESG management on the pricing of these contingency-based securities. As a pricing measure we use the innovative MisPricing Level (ML) measure developed by Berrada et al. (2023) and used Logit models to classify bonds’ status (i.e., undepriced, fairly priced, overpriced). We meticulously reported the steps on how the measure is built and discussed its key limitations. Overall, using this metric, we find that the SLB market is efficient, with no evidence of structural underpricing.
I Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs) rappresentano una delle principali novità tra gli strumenti obbligazionari nella finanza sostenibile. Le cedole di queste obbligazioni sono subordinate al raggiungimento di un obiettivo ESG predeterminato da parte dell'emittente, favorendo l'integrazione degli obiettivi di sostenibilità nella propria strategia globale senza richiedere progetti complessi a priori come avviene per i Green Bond. Il raggiungimento di zero emissioni nette entro il 2050 richiede investimenti consistenti, fino a 7,4 trilioni di dollari all'anno entro il 2030. La necessità di soddisfare questa enorme domanda finanziaria ha portato alla creazione di strumenti sustainability-linked, come prestiti e obbligazioni. Tuttavia, dopo un lancio promettente nel 2021, i SLBs hanno subito un significativo rallentamento nelle emissioni rispetto ai Green Bond nel 2023. Nel nostro studio abbiamo esaminato il pricing sul mercato primario degli SLBs e se esista una relazione coerente tra il profilo ESG dell'emittente lungo tre dimensioni (Finanziamento, Innovazione e Gestione delle Controversie) e la reazione degli investitori. Queste dimensioni sono state costruite attraverso una rielaborazione dei dati provenienti da diverse fonti (Refinitiv, Orbis). Alcune variabili, come ESG debt, sono state create ex novo per questo studio. Non abbiamo trovato evidenza di un impatto positivo del debito ESG sulla probabilità che gli SLB siano sovra prezzati; al contrario, sorprendentemente, un maggiore debito ESG di un'azienda è associato a condizioni meno favorevoli. Inoltre, le prime emissioni di SLBs non hanno mostrato vantaggi di prezzo e fattori come l'innovazione verde e la gestione delle controversie ESG non influenzano il pricing degli SLBs. Questi risultati dovrebbero sollevare preoccupazioni tra i professionisti, evidenziando il limitato impatto della gestione ESG sul prezzo di questi titoli legati alle performance ambientali. Come misura di prezzo utilizziamo l'innovativo MisPricing Level (ML), sviluppato da Berrada et al. (2023), e abbiamo impiegato modelli Logit per classificare lo stato dei bond (i.e., sottoprezzato, prezzato correttamente, sovrapprezzato). Abbiamo riportato meticolosamente i passaggi su come la misura è stata costruita e discusso le sue principali limitazioni. Nel complesso, usando questa metrica, troviamo che il mercato degli SLB sia efficiente, senza evidenze strutturale di sottovalutazione.
The role of ESG factors in Sustainability-Linked Bonds pricing
Ronchi, Stefano Roberto;Raneri, Alessandro
2023/2024
Abstract
Sustainability-Linked Bonds (SLBs) are a novel phenomenon across the fixed income instruments in Sustainable Finance. These bonds’ coupon is contingent on the issuer achieving a predetermined ESG target, favouring the integration of sustainable goals in company overall strategy without requiring a-priori complex projects as green bonds. Achieving zero net carbon emissions by 2050 requires substantial investments, up to USD 7.4 trillion per year by 2030. The need to meet this huge financial demand has led to the creation of sustainability-linked instruments such as loans and bonds. However, after a promising launch in 2021, SLBs experienced a significant slowdown in issuance compared to green bonds in 2023. In our study we examined the SLBs primary market pricing and whether there is a coherent relationship between issuer ESG profile along three dimensions (Financing, Innovation and Controversies management) and investors’ reaction. These dimensions were constructed through data wrangling from several sources (Refinitiv, Orbis). Certain variables, such as ESG-labelled Debt, were uniquely created from scratch for this study. We find no evidence of a positive impact of ESG labelled Debt on the likelihood of SLBs being overpriced; instead, surprisingly, higher ESG debt of a company is associated with less favourable conditions. Additionally, initial SLBs issuances did not demonstrate pricing advantages, and factors such as green innovation and ESG controversies management do not influence SLBs pricing. These results should raise concerns to practitioners, highlighting the limited impact of ESG management on the pricing of these contingency-based securities. As a pricing measure we use the innovative MisPricing Level (ML) measure developed by Berrada et al. (2023) and used Logit models to classify bonds’ status (i.e., undepriced, fairly priced, overpriced). We meticulously reported the steps on how the measure is built and discussed its key limitations. Overall, using this metric, we find that the SLB market is efficient, with no evidence of structural underpricing.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/229512