The increasing impacts of climate change and global warming, highlighted by recent widespread natural disasters, underscores the urgent need to shift to sustainable business models across all industries. Supply chains contribute to approximately 50% of global CO2 emissions, with logistics ranking among the three most impactful activities. This highlights the critical need to decarbonize the logistics sector through the electrification of freight transportation and the adoption of green warehousing practices. There is yet a significant gap in the literature in some of its core aspects such as electric vehicle recharging exploiting facilities’ on-site photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy production. The objective of this master’s thesis is to fill this gap by defining a structured approach to identify optimal electric vehicle recharging strategies and to develop an optimization model applicable to a wide range of logistic facilities. To achieve this result, a warehouse with solar panels mounted on the roof was modeled considering the PV production profile, warehouse electric consumption, and energy recharging demand under different recharging strategies (es., opportunistic recharging during breaks or opportunistic recharging during breaks supported by a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)). Multiple scenarios and recharging strategies were tested and assessed based on economic (i.e., return on investment (ROI) and investment payback period (PBP)) and sustainability (i.e., kgCO2e saving) standpoint. This work demonstrated that, depending on the company’s primary objectives, certain strategies may be more advantageous than others. Opportunistic recharging strategies deliver strong environmental and economic performance, while those supported by a BESS offer lower economic gains but outperform in terms of environmental impact. The significance of this study lies in its potential to serve as a foundation for future comparative analyses of various recharging strategies also allowing companies to identify the optimal recharging strategy based on each single warehouse characteristics.
L’aumento degli impatti del cambiamento climatico e del riscaldamento globale, evidenziato dai recenti disastri naturali, sottolinea la necessità urgente di passare a modelli di business sostenibili in tutti i settori. Le supply chains contribuiscono a circa il 50% delle emissioni globali di CO2, con la logistica tra le tre attività più impattanti. Ciò evidenzia l'importanza cruciale di decarbonizzare il settore logistico attraverso l'elettrificazione del trasporto merci e la realizzazione di magazzini sostenibili. Tuttavia, esiste ancora una significativa lacuna nella letteratura su alcuni argomenti di primaria importanza, come la ricarica dei veicoli elettrici sfruttando la produzione di energia rinnovabile fotovoltaica degli impianti installati sui magazzini. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è colmare questa lacuna definendo un approccio strutturato per identificare le strategie ottimali di ricarica dei veicoli elettrici e sviluppare un modello di ottimizzazione applicabile a un'ampia gamma di strutture logistiche. Per raggiungere questo risultato, è stato modellato un magazzino con pannelli solari montati sul tetto, tenendo conto del profilo di produzione di energia rinnovabile, del consumo elettrico del magazzino e della domanda di ricarica da parte dei veicoli, soddisfatta tramite diverse strategie di ricarica (es., ricarica opportunistica durante le pause o ricarica opportunistica durante le pause supportata da batterie di accumulo di energia). Sono stati testati e valutati diversi scenari e strategie di ricarica dal punto di vista economico (ritorno sull’investimento e tempo d’ ammortamento dell’investimento) e di sostenibilità (riduzione della CO2e immessa in atmosfera). Questo lavoro ha dimostrato che, a seconda degli obiettivi principali dell'azienda, alcune strategie possono risultare più vantaggiose di altre. Le strategie di ricarica opportunistica offrono ottime prestazioni ambientali ed economiche, mentre quelle supportate da un sistema di stoccaggio elettrico mostrano minori vantaggi economici, ma eccellono in termini di riduzione dell’impatto ambientale. L'importanza di questo studio risiede nella sua potenziale utilità come base per future analisi comparative di diverse strategie di ricarica, consentendo inoltre alle aziende di identificare la strategia di ricarica ottimale in base alle caratteristiche specifiche di ogni magazzino.
Optimizing the economic and environmental performance of electric trucks and forklifts in the logistics sector: exploring the impact of opportunistic recharging strategies and energy storage systems
Rampazzo, Andrea
2023/2024
Abstract
The increasing impacts of climate change and global warming, highlighted by recent widespread natural disasters, underscores the urgent need to shift to sustainable business models across all industries. Supply chains contribute to approximately 50% of global CO2 emissions, with logistics ranking among the three most impactful activities. This highlights the critical need to decarbonize the logistics sector through the electrification of freight transportation and the adoption of green warehousing practices. There is yet a significant gap in the literature in some of its core aspects such as electric vehicle recharging exploiting facilities’ on-site photovoltaic (PV) renewable energy production. The objective of this master’s thesis is to fill this gap by defining a structured approach to identify optimal electric vehicle recharging strategies and to develop an optimization model applicable to a wide range of logistic facilities. To achieve this result, a warehouse with solar panels mounted on the roof was modeled considering the PV production profile, warehouse electric consumption, and energy recharging demand under different recharging strategies (es., opportunistic recharging during breaks or opportunistic recharging during breaks supported by a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)). Multiple scenarios and recharging strategies were tested and assessed based on economic (i.e., return on investment (ROI) and investment payback period (PBP)) and sustainability (i.e., kgCO2e saving) standpoint. This work demonstrated that, depending on the company’s primary objectives, certain strategies may be more advantageous than others. Opportunistic recharging strategies deliver strong environmental and economic performance, while those supported by a BESS offer lower economic gains but outperform in terms of environmental impact. The significance of this study lies in its potential to serve as a foundation for future comparative analyses of various recharging strategies also allowing companies to identify the optimal recharging strategy based on each single warehouse characteristics.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Rampazzo_Thesis.pdf
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2024_12_Rampazzo_Executive Summary.pdf
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Descrizione: Executive summary
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/229911