As the global population ages, the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to grow, placing considerable financial and operational demands on healthcare systems while significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Effective management of chronic conditions is highly dependent on medication adherence, a key factor in achieving positive clinical outcomes and reducing complications. Yet, many patients find it challenging to sustain adherence over time. To address this issue, InTakeCare empowers patients and doctors to manage chronic illnesses by providing tools that foster medication adherence. Designed as a web- based platform, InTakeCare is invaluable for doctors in clinical settings, offering real- time insights into patient adherence and enabling effective monitoring of therapy progress. However, patients may find it difficult to keep track of their therapy adherence throughout the day if doing so requires accessing a computer or web page. To overcome these accessibility challenges, this thesis details the transformation of the InTakeCare platform from a web-based application into a mobile app. By using Capacitor, the mobile version preserves the platform's core functionalities while significantly improving accessibility and usability for patients. This approach is both practical and cost-effective, as it utilizes the existing codebase and backend APIs. The mobile app features an intuitively designed home screen that displays intake schedules, offers color-coded adherence tracking, and includes a diary function for recording symptoms, side effects, and other health-related notes, enhancing patient engagement and support in daily health management. A key component of the app’s design is its notification system, which reinforces adherence by delivering timely reminders. Using the Transistorsoft Background Fetch plugin, this system performs background tasks on Android devices every 15 minutes, even when the app is closed. Custom Java code retrieves intake data from the backend, ensuring that notifications are precisely timed to support consistent medication adherence. Beyond standard reminders, InTakeCare offers motivational and educational notifications designed to promote proactive health management. Educational messages aim to enhance patients' understanding of their conditions and treatments, while motivational messages provide real-time feedback on adherence, fostering a sense of accomplishment and encouraging consistency. To assess usability, a pilot study was conducted with four Android users who simulated managing a chronic illness by following a daily therapy regimen and engaging with the app for one week. Afterward, participants completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and provided feedback through open-ended responses. Preliminary results indicated that SUS scores were generally above average, demonstrating positive usability, although some participants noted minor interface inconsistencies. The study's limitations include a small sample size and restriction to Android devices, which limit the generalizability of the findings to iOS users. Additionally, since healthy volunteers simulated the experience, the study may not fully capture the unique challenges faced by real patients with chronic conditions. Nonetheless, the results suggest that the InTakeCare app holds promise as an accessible and user-friendly tool for supporting medication adherence in chronic illness management.
L'invecchiamento della popolazione a livello globale ha determinato un incremento delle malattie croniche, esercitando crescenti pressioni finanziarie e operative sui sistemi sanitari e influenzando la qualità di vita dei pazienti. Una gestione efficace di queste patologie richiede un’elevata aderenza terapeutica, elemento essenziale per migliorare gli esiti clinici e ridurre il rischio di complicanze. Tuttavia, molti pazienti trovano difficile mantenere un’aderenza costante nel tempo. InTakeCare è una piattaforma ideata per supportare pazienti e medici nella gestione delle malattie croniche, promuovendo l'aderenza alle terapie farmacologiche. Inizialmente sviluppata come applicazione web, InTakeCare permette ai medici di monitorare in tempo reale l’aderenza terapeutica e valutare i progressi del trattamento. Tuttavia, per i pazienti, accedere frequentemente a un computer o a una pagina web durante la giornata può risultare complicato. Questa tesi illustra la trasformazione della piattaforma InTakeCare da applicazione web a mobile app, realizzata attraverso il framework Capacitor. L’obiettivo è stato mantenere le principali funzionalità della piattaforma, migliorandone al contempo accessibilità e usabilità. Questo approccio, pratico ed economicamente vantaggioso, consente di riutilizzare la base di codice esistente e le API del backend, ottimizzando così le risorse di sviluppo. La versione mobile di InTakeCare include una schermata iniziale intuitiva che mostra i programmi terapeutici, un sistema di monitoraggio codificato per colore e un diario per registrare sintomi, effetti collaterali e altre annotazioni sulla salute, favorendo il coinvolgimento e il supporto del paziente nella gestione della propria salute quotidiana. Un elemento centrale del design è il sistema di notifiche, progettato per favorire l’aderenza terapeutica attraverso promemoria puntuali. Grazie al plugin Transistorsoft Background Fetch, il sistema esegue attività in background ogni 15 minuti sui dispositivi Android, anche quando l’app è chiusa. Un apposito codice Java recupera i dati delle assunzioni dei farmaci dal backend, assicurando notifiche tempestive e continuità nella gestione della terapia. Inoltre, InTakeCare invia notifiche motivazionali ed educative per promuovere una gestione proattiva della salute. I messaggi educativi aiutano i pazienti a comprendere meglio le loro condizioni e i trattamenti, mentre i messaggi motivazionali offrono riscontri in tempo reale sull’aderenza, incentivando costanza e offrendo un senso di realizzazione. Per valutare l'usabilità, è stato condotto uno studio pilota con quattro utenti Android, che hanno simulato la gestione di una malattia cronica seguendo un regime terapeutico per una settimana. Successivamente, i partecipanti hanno completato il questionario System Usability Scale (SUS) e fornito riscontri tramite risposte aperte. I risultati preliminari mostrano che i punteggi SUS sono stati generalmente superiori alla media, indicando una buona usabilità del sistema, sebbene alcuni partecipanti abbiano segnalato lievi incoerenze nell'interfaccia. Le limitazioni dello studio includono la dimensione ridotta del campione e la mancanza di partecipanti iOS, limitando la generalizzabilità dei risultati. Inoltre, poiché i volontari che hanno simulato l’esperienza erano persone sane, lo studio potrebbe non riflettere completamente le sfide affrontate da pazienti con malattie croniche. Tuttavia, i risultati suggeriscono che l’app InTakeCare è promettente come strumento accessibile e facile da usare per supportare l’aderenza terapeutica nella gestione delle malattie croniche.
Development and testing of a smartphone application to monitor medication adherence in chronic patients
Ferri, Giulia
2023/2024
Abstract
As the global population ages, the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to grow, placing considerable financial and operational demands on healthcare systems while significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Effective management of chronic conditions is highly dependent on medication adherence, a key factor in achieving positive clinical outcomes and reducing complications. Yet, many patients find it challenging to sustain adherence over time. To address this issue, InTakeCare empowers patients and doctors to manage chronic illnesses by providing tools that foster medication adherence. Designed as a web- based platform, InTakeCare is invaluable for doctors in clinical settings, offering real- time insights into patient adherence and enabling effective monitoring of therapy progress. However, patients may find it difficult to keep track of their therapy adherence throughout the day if doing so requires accessing a computer or web page. To overcome these accessibility challenges, this thesis details the transformation of the InTakeCare platform from a web-based application into a mobile app. By using Capacitor, the mobile version preserves the platform's core functionalities while significantly improving accessibility and usability for patients. This approach is both practical and cost-effective, as it utilizes the existing codebase and backend APIs. The mobile app features an intuitively designed home screen that displays intake schedules, offers color-coded adherence tracking, and includes a diary function for recording symptoms, side effects, and other health-related notes, enhancing patient engagement and support in daily health management. A key component of the app’s design is its notification system, which reinforces adherence by delivering timely reminders. Using the Transistorsoft Background Fetch plugin, this system performs background tasks on Android devices every 15 minutes, even when the app is closed. Custom Java code retrieves intake data from the backend, ensuring that notifications are precisely timed to support consistent medication adherence. Beyond standard reminders, InTakeCare offers motivational and educational notifications designed to promote proactive health management. Educational messages aim to enhance patients' understanding of their conditions and treatments, while motivational messages provide real-time feedback on adherence, fostering a sense of accomplishment and encouraging consistency. To assess usability, a pilot study was conducted with four Android users who simulated managing a chronic illness by following a daily therapy regimen and engaging with the app for one week. Afterward, participants completed the System Usability Scale (SUS) questionnaire and provided feedback through open-ended responses. Preliminary results indicated that SUS scores were generally above average, demonstrating positive usability, although some participants noted minor interface inconsistencies. The study's limitations include a small sample size and restriction to Android devices, which limit the generalizability of the findings to iOS users. Additionally, since healthy volunteers simulated the experience, the study may not fully capture the unique challenges faced by real patients with chronic conditions. Nonetheless, the results suggest that the InTakeCare app holds promise as an accessible and user-friendly tool for supporting medication adherence in chronic illness management.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
---|---|---|---|
2024_12_Ferri_Thesis.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Tesi
Dimensione
3.5 MB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
3.5 MB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
2024_12_Ferri_Executive_Summary.pdf
non accessibile
Descrizione: Executive Summary
Dimensione
959.15 kB
Formato
Adobe PDF
|
959.15 kB | Adobe PDF | Visualizza/Apri |
I documenti in POLITesi sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.
https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230139