Beyond its scientific interest, Soft matter sees broad application in specialized fields like biochemistry, biology, and nanoscience, as well as in everyday consumer products. Colloidal gels, in particular, are extremely versatile as they are characterized by adjustable interactions that can vary based on the selected composition. However, the properties of these systems are not fully understood and warrant further investigation. This work treats ultra-weak colloidal gels. The selected samples are polystyrene chemical irreversible gel, presenting very weak mechanical properties. This implies that it is extremely difficult to deform them without breaking or altering permanently their structure, and, according to the literature, there are no known methods to perform non-destructive tests. The idea is to apply a tunable thermal stimulus to the material, so a thermal gradient is imposed to the system. This is achieved by keeping the wall of the chamber at a controlled temperature and heating locally through an infrared laser beam. Although the selected sample do not present temperature dependent properties, a deformation is sensed. It varies according to the imposed gradient, the sample composition and the wall temperature, but it maintains always the same reproducible pattern. This suggests that this can be employed as a new method for testing extremely soft disordered systems. Variation in water density with temperature could cause a buoyancy effect in those systems, so the effect is ascribable to a convective motion of the solution in which the sample is imbibed. These results were achieved using a specific setup called photon correlation imaging (PCI), derived from a dynamic light scattering setup but modified to resolve both temporal and spatial sample behaviour.
Al di là del mero interesse scientifico, i materiali soffici trovano largo impiego sia nei campi specialistici come biochimica, biologia e nanoscienze, che nei prodotti di consumo. I gel colloidali, in particolare, sono estremamente versatili, essendo caratterizzati da interazioni modulabili a seconda del componente scelto. Tuttavia le proprietà di questi sistemi non sono completamente comprese e richiedono ulteriori indagini. In questo lavoro si tratteranno gel colloidali ultra deboli. I campioni scelti sono gel chimici irreverisbili di polistirene, che presentano proprietà meccaiche estremamente deboli. Ciò implica che è esremamente difficile deformarli senza indurne la rottura o alterarne permanentemente le caratteristiche strutturali. Secondo la letteratura, non ci sono metodi noti per attuare un test non distruttivo su questi materiali. L’idea consiste nell’ applicare uno stimolo termico modulabile al materiale, quindi viene imposto un gradiente temico al sistema. Ciò è ottenuto mantenendo le pareti della camera a temperatura controllata e riscaldando localmente con un fascio di laser infrarosso. Sebbene i campioni selezionati non presentino proprietà dipendeti dalla temperatura, è stata misurata una deformazione. Essa varia a seconda del gradiente imposto, della composizione del campione e della temperatura alle pareti, ma mantiene sempre lo stesso schema riproducibile. Ciò suggerisce che può essere utilizzato come un nuovo metodo per testare sitemi disordinati estremamente soffici. La variazione nella densità dell’acqua con la temperatura può causare effetti di galleggiamento in questi sistemi, per cui questo fenomeno è ascrivibile a un moto convettivo all’interno della soluzione in cui il gel è imbibito. Questi risultati sono stati ottenuti tramite un set up specifico, chiamato "photon correlation imaging" che deriva da un setup di scattering dinamico della luce e viene opportunamente modificato per ottenere risoluzione spaziale e temporale.
An optothermal method for the investigation of ultraweak colloidal gels
Erba, Arianna
2023/2024
Abstract
Beyond its scientific interest, Soft matter sees broad application in specialized fields like biochemistry, biology, and nanoscience, as well as in everyday consumer products. Colloidal gels, in particular, are extremely versatile as they are characterized by adjustable interactions that can vary based on the selected composition. However, the properties of these systems are not fully understood and warrant further investigation. This work treats ultra-weak colloidal gels. The selected samples are polystyrene chemical irreversible gel, presenting very weak mechanical properties. This implies that it is extremely difficult to deform them without breaking or altering permanently their structure, and, according to the literature, there are no known methods to perform non-destructive tests. The idea is to apply a tunable thermal stimulus to the material, so a thermal gradient is imposed to the system. This is achieved by keeping the wall of the chamber at a controlled temperature and heating locally through an infrared laser beam. Although the selected sample do not present temperature dependent properties, a deformation is sensed. It varies according to the imposed gradient, the sample composition and the wall temperature, but it maintains always the same reproducible pattern. This suggests that this can be employed as a new method for testing extremely soft disordered systems. Variation in water density with temperature could cause a buoyancy effect in those systems, so the effect is ascribable to a convective motion of the solution in which the sample is imbibed. These results were achieved using a specific setup called photon correlation imaging (PCI), derived from a dynamic light scattering setup but modified to resolve both temporal and spatial sample behaviour.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230223