Imagining South Korea’s cityscape, the dense, clone-like apartment buildings (danji) stand out as dominant features. Initially constructed to address post-war housing shortages, these developments evolved into gated, monofunctional superblocks by the late 20th century, fostering socioeconomic homogeneity and disrupting urban connectivity. Capital-driven redevelopment prioritizes demolition over sustainable remodeling, while zoning policies limit adaptability to changing urban demands. These dynamics have contributed to segregation, social conflict, and underutilized spaces within danji. This research focuses on the Songpa-gu area in Seoul, home to five of South Korea’s largest apartment complexes, each containing over 4,000 units. Through site visits and photographic analysis—supported by a literature review and housing market study—the private and inward-focused nature of recent danji developments has been confirmed. Social activities are largely restricted to residents, with amenities concentrated at the edges and central areas underutilized. Schools located in the core of some superblocks are often detached from private complexes, further fragmenting spatial and social cohesion. To address these challenges, the research proposes a strategy to activate the public character of danji. The first step involves reforming regulatory frameworks to encourage targeted remodeling rather than complete redevelopment, alongside shifting public perceptions of danji from speculative assets to community-oriented spaces. The second step includes a masterplan for Jamsil Ricenz Apartment, one of the case studies. This plan emphasizes small-scale remodeling and retrofitting to introduce diverse public amenities, redistribute functions more evenly, and foster connections across the superblock. By breaking down physical and psychological barriers, the proposed approach seeks to transform danji into inclusive, multifunctional spaces. It aims to integrate them better with their surrounding urban environments, enhancing spatial connectivity and supporting a more sustainable and socially cohesive urban fabric.
Immaginando il panorama urbano della Corea del Sud, spiccano i densi edifici residenziali simili a cloni (danji). Inizialmente costruiti per rispondere alla carenza di alloggi del dopoguerra, questi complessi si sono evoluti, alla fine del XX secolo, in superblocchi monofunzionali recintati, promuovendo omogeneità socioeconomica e interrompendo la connettività urbana. La riqualificazione guidata dal capitale favorisce la demolizione rispetto alla ristrutturazione sostenibile, mentre le politiche urbanistiche basate sulla zonizzazione limitano la capacità della città di adattarsi alle esigenze in evoluzione. Queste dinamiche hanno portato a segregazione, conflitti sociali e spazi sottoutilizzati nei danji. Questa ricerca si concentra sull’area di Songpa-gu a Seoul, che ospita cinque dei più grandi complessi residenziali della Corea del Sud, ciascuno con oltre 4.000 unità. Attraverso visite in loco e analisi fotografiche, supportate da una revisione della letteratura e da uno studio sul mercato immobiliare, è stata confermata la natura privata e introversa dei danji più recenti. Le attività sociali si limitano ai residenti, con servizi concentrati ai margini dei complessi e ampie aree centrali sottoutilizzate. Anche le scuole situate nei nuclei risultano spesso scollegate dai complessi privati, frammentando ulteriormente la coesione spaziale e sociale. La ricerca propone una strategia per attivare il carattere pubblico dei danji. La prima fase prevede la riforma delle normative per favorire ristrutturazioni mirate rispetto alla demolizione totale, insieme a un cambiamento della percezione pubblica dei danji da beni speculativi a spazi comunitari. La seconda fase include un masterplan per il Jamsil Ricenz Apartment, uno dei casi studio, con interventi di ristrutturazione su piccola scala per introdurre servizi pubblici diversificati, distribuire meglio le funzioni e creare connessioni più solide all’interno del superblocco. Questo approccio mira a trasformare i danji in spazi multifunzionali e inclusivi, meglio integrati con il contesto urbano, promuovendo connettività e coesione sociale più sostenibili.
Silent Giants: Seoul's private superblocks. strategies towards a public urban structure, reclaiming monofunctional Highrise Danji
Min, Jaehee
2023/2024
Abstract
Imagining South Korea’s cityscape, the dense, clone-like apartment buildings (danji) stand out as dominant features. Initially constructed to address post-war housing shortages, these developments evolved into gated, monofunctional superblocks by the late 20th century, fostering socioeconomic homogeneity and disrupting urban connectivity. Capital-driven redevelopment prioritizes demolition over sustainable remodeling, while zoning policies limit adaptability to changing urban demands. These dynamics have contributed to segregation, social conflict, and underutilized spaces within danji. This research focuses on the Songpa-gu area in Seoul, home to five of South Korea’s largest apartment complexes, each containing over 4,000 units. Through site visits and photographic analysis—supported by a literature review and housing market study—the private and inward-focused nature of recent danji developments has been confirmed. Social activities are largely restricted to residents, with amenities concentrated at the edges and central areas underutilized. Schools located in the core of some superblocks are often detached from private complexes, further fragmenting spatial and social cohesion. To address these challenges, the research proposes a strategy to activate the public character of danji. The first step involves reforming regulatory frameworks to encourage targeted remodeling rather than complete redevelopment, alongside shifting public perceptions of danji from speculative assets to community-oriented spaces. The second step includes a masterplan for Jamsil Ricenz Apartment, one of the case studies. This plan emphasizes small-scale remodeling and retrofitting to introduce diverse public amenities, redistribute functions more evenly, and foster connections across the superblock. By breaking down physical and psychological barriers, the proposed approach seeks to transform danji into inclusive, multifunctional spaces. It aims to integrate them better with their surrounding urban environments, enhancing spatial connectivity and supporting a more sustainable and socially cohesive urban fabric.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Min.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230425