This thesis has this question as its basis: is Italy a suitable territory for “hosting” floating photovoltaic installations on bodies of water? The issue fits perfectly into a context, European and global, in which emissions abatement and battling climate change are urgent and primary issues. Floating photovoltaic, in fact, is a technology that, among its various advantages, such as increased efficiency and minimal land use, can also make a very important contribution to decarbonization. The analysis has been carried out on the entire territory of Italy on which, from the mosaicking of the appropriate layers of regional technical maps (CTR), it was possible to map 81253 bodies of water, divided into seven categories. In order to understand how many and which of these elements were suitable for FPV installations, some predisposing factors for suitability of a site have been identified: restrictions of the site itself, prevalent use of bodies of water classified as large dams, solar radiation, wind, distance to electrical substations and site accessibility. Subsequently, as a precautionary measure, only the bodies of water outside the protected areas of Italian territory have been selected. The selected sites have been categorised by assigning a score, from 1 to 5, for each predisposing factor and in three scenarios. To obtain a univocal hierarchization of bodies of water, the overall score of each site has been calculated. In parallel, quarry lakes of the Italian plains have been identified through the application of Machine Learning. These evaluations, together with the analysis of the producibility of the potential installations and of the obtainable income, have allowed to give an answer to the initial question: in Italy, not only there are up to 507 bodies of water where installations larger than one hectare could be situated, but it can be also possible to produce considerable energy and economic volumes, through the use of this technology. These installations, in fact, in the best scenario, could satisfy nearly 3% of the Italian yearly electricity demand and could “save” more than 4.6 M tons of CO2 in one year.
La presente tesi ha alla base questa domanda: l’Italia è un territorio adatto a “ospitare” impianti fotovoltaici flottanti su specchi d’acqua? La questione si inserisce alla perfezione in un contesto europeo e mondiale, in cui l’abbattimento delle emissioni e la lotta al cambiamento climatico sono dei temi prioritari e urgenti. Il fotovoltaico flottante, infatti, è una tecnologia che, tra i suoi svariati vantaggi, come maggiore efficienza e consumo minimo di suolo, può anche fornire un contributo importantissimo per la decarbonizzazione. L’analisi è stata effettuata sull’intero territorio italiano su cui, dalla mosaicatura degli opportuni strati delle CTR, è stato possibile mappare 81253 specchi d’acqua, suddivisi in sette categorie. Per comprendere quanti e quali di questi specchi fossero idonei a ospitare impianti FPV, è stato necessario individuare dei fattori predisponenti all’idoneità di un sito: vincoli del sito stesso, utilizzo prevalente degli specchi d’acqua, radiazione solare, vento, distanza dalle cabine elettriche e accessibilità. Successivamente sono stati selezionati, per motivi cautelativi, soltanto gli specchi d’acqua al di fuori delle aree protette. I siti selezionati sono stati gerarchizzati tramite l’attribuzione di un punteggio, da 1 a 5, per ogni fattore predisponente e in tre scenari. Per ottenere una gerarchizzazione univoca degli specchi d’acqua, infine, è stato calcolato il punteggio complessivo di ogni sito. Parallelamente, sono stati individuati i laghi di cava presenti sulle pianure italiane tramite l’applicazione del Machine Learning. Queste elaborazioni, insieme all’analisi della producibilità e dei ricavi ottenibili, hanno permesso di rispondere alla domanda iniziale: in Italia, non solo sono presenti fino a 507 specchi d’acqua in cui potrebbero sorgere impianti di dimensioni maggiori di un ettaro, ma sarebbe anche possibile produrre, tramite l’uso di questa tecnologia, volumi energetici ed economici notevoli. Questi impianti, infatti, potrebbero arrivare a soddisfare, nello scenario migliore, quasi il 3% della domanda italiana di energia elettrica annua e potrebbero far “risparmiare” in un anno più di 4.6 M di tonnellate di CO2.
Analisi e valutazione dell'idoneità di sito per impianti fotovoltaici flottanti su scala nazionale
MARINI, VIRGINIA
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis has this question as its basis: is Italy a suitable territory for “hosting” floating photovoltaic installations on bodies of water? The issue fits perfectly into a context, European and global, in which emissions abatement and battling climate change are urgent and primary issues. Floating photovoltaic, in fact, is a technology that, among its various advantages, such as increased efficiency and minimal land use, can also make a very important contribution to decarbonization. The analysis has been carried out on the entire territory of Italy on which, from the mosaicking of the appropriate layers of regional technical maps (CTR), it was possible to map 81253 bodies of water, divided into seven categories. In order to understand how many and which of these elements were suitable for FPV installations, some predisposing factors for suitability of a site have been identified: restrictions of the site itself, prevalent use of bodies of water classified as large dams, solar radiation, wind, distance to electrical substations and site accessibility. Subsequently, as a precautionary measure, only the bodies of water outside the protected areas of Italian territory have been selected. The selected sites have been categorised by assigning a score, from 1 to 5, for each predisposing factor and in three scenarios. To obtain a univocal hierarchization of bodies of water, the overall score of each site has been calculated. In parallel, quarry lakes of the Italian plains have been identified through the application of Machine Learning. These evaluations, together with the analysis of the producibility of the potential installations and of the obtainable income, have allowed to give an answer to the initial question: in Italy, not only there are up to 507 bodies of water where installations larger than one hectare could be situated, but it can be also possible to produce considerable energy and economic volumes, through the use of this technology. These installations, in fact, in the best scenario, could satisfy nearly 3% of the Italian yearly electricity demand and could “save” more than 4.6 M tons of CO2 in one year.| File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Marini.pdf
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Descrizione: testo della tesi
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230512