This thesis traces France's prominent role in advancing in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into its real estate sector, showcasing the country’s commitment to sustainability and decarbonization. It begins with an exploration of France's early adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) laws, such as the Nouvelles Régulations Économiques (NRE) Law of 2001, and key regulatory milestones like the Grenelle Laws and the 2015 Energy Transition for Green Growth Act. These laws laid the foundation for a comprehensive ESG framework, which was strengthened by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Energy Transition Law, solidifying France’s position as a global ESG pioneer. Notable regulations such as the Tertiary Decree (2019) and Réglementation environnementale RE 2020 have reshaped the real estate landscape by setting ambitious energy performance targets for both existing and new buildings, distinguishing between residential and tertiary buildings. These regulatory shifts, combined with the growing demand for sustainable real estate, have catalyzed the rise of green finance initiatives, such as green bonds and green building certifications like the High Environmental Quality (HQE) label, positioning France at the forefront of ESG-driven investments. In Paris, these national and local policies are transforming the city’s real estate market, as evidenced by the Paris Climate Action Plan aiming to make the city carbon neutral by 2050, and the Dispositif Eco-Energie Tertiaire, which mandates energy performance improvements in public and commercial buildings. Sustainable projects like the Clichy-Batignolles Eco-District demonstrate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in creating energy-efficient, mixed-use neighborhoods that align with carbon neutrality goals. The research also highlights the growing role of green finance instruments, such as green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, and green REITs, mobilizing capital for sustainable real estate projects. The thesis further explores the integration of non-carbon assets and portfolio alignment methodologies, examining how ESG investments contribute to financial stability and environmental impact. Several case studies will accompany each presented theme, in order to support the introduced concept. Furthermore, it also addresses challenges like regulatory complexity, financial constraints, and data inconsistencies, concluding with recommendations for overcoming these barriers to accelerate sustainable real estate development in Paris and beyond, contributing to France’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
Questa tesi traccia il ruolo prominente della Francia nell'avanzamento dei criteri di sostenibilità ambientale, sociale e di governance (ESG) nel settore immobiliare, evidenziando l’impegno del Paese per la sostenibilità e la decarbonizzazione. La tesi inizia con un’esplorazione della precoce adozione delle leggi sulla Responsabilità Sociale d'Impresa (CSR) in Francia, come la legge Nouvelles Régulations Économiques (NRE) del 2001, e delle tappe regolatorie fondamentali come le leggi Grenelle e la legge sulla Transizione Energetica per la Crescita Verde del 2015. Queste leggi hanno posto le basi per un quadro ESG completo, rafforzato dall'Accordo di Parigi sul Clima e dalla legge sulla Transizione Energetica, consolidando la posizione della Francia come pioniere globale nell'ambito ESG. Regolamenti significativi, come il Decreto Tertiaire (2019) e la Réglementation environnementale RE 2020, hanno rimodellato il panorama immobiliare fissando ambiziosi obiettivi di prestazione energetica sia per edifici esistenti che per quelli di nuova costruzione, distinguendo tra edifici residenziali e terziari. Questi cambiamenti normativi, insieme alla crescente domanda di immobili sostenibili, hanno catalizzato l’ascesa delle iniziative di finanza verde, come le obbligazioni verdi e le certificazioni edilizie verdi, tra cui l'etichetta Haute Qualité Environnementale (HQE), posizionando la Francia all'avanguardia negli investimenti guidati dai criteri ESG. A Parigi, queste politiche nazionali e locali stanno trasformando il mercato immobiliare della città, come dimostrato dal Paris Climate Action Plan, che mira a rendere la città carbon neutral entro il 2050, e dal Dispositif Eco-Energie Tertiaire, che impone miglioramenti nelle prestazioni energetiche degli edifici pubblici e commerciali. Progetti sostenibili come l'Eco-Distretto Clichy-Batignolles dimostrano l'efficacia delle collaborazioni pubblico-privato nella creazione di quartieri a uso misto, efficienti dal punto di vista energetico e in linea con gli obiettivi di neutralità carbonica. La ricerca evidenzia inoltre il crescente ruolo degli strumenti di finanza verde, come le obbligazioni verdi, i prestiti legati alla sostenibilità e i REIT verdi, che mobilitano capitali per progetti immobiliari sostenibili. La tesi esplora anche l'integrazione di asset non carbonici e le metodologie di allineamento del portafoglio, analizzando come gli investimenti ESG contribuiscano alla stabilità finanziaria e all’impatto ambientale. Diversi studi di caso accompagneranno ogni tema presentato per supportare i concetti introdotti. Inoltre, la tesi affronta le sfide come la complessità normativa, i vincoli finanziari e le incoerenze dei dati, concludendo con raccomandazioni per superare queste barriere e accelerare lo sviluppo immobiliare sostenibile a Parigi e oltre, contribuendo all'obiettivo della Francia di raggiungere la neutralità carbonica entro il 2050.
The impact of ESG investing on sustainable real estate development in Paris, France
Lembcke, Stella Lucia
2023/2024
Abstract
This thesis traces France's prominent role in advancing in Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria into its real estate sector, showcasing the country’s commitment to sustainability and decarbonization. It begins with an exploration of France's early adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) laws, such as the Nouvelles Régulations Économiques (NRE) Law of 2001, and key regulatory milestones like the Grenelle Laws and the 2015 Energy Transition for Green Growth Act. These laws laid the foundation for a comprehensive ESG framework, which was strengthened by the Paris Climate Agreement and the Energy Transition Law, solidifying France’s position as a global ESG pioneer. Notable regulations such as the Tertiary Decree (2019) and Réglementation environnementale RE 2020 have reshaped the real estate landscape by setting ambitious energy performance targets for both existing and new buildings, distinguishing between residential and tertiary buildings. These regulatory shifts, combined with the growing demand for sustainable real estate, have catalyzed the rise of green finance initiatives, such as green bonds and green building certifications like the High Environmental Quality (HQE) label, positioning France at the forefront of ESG-driven investments. In Paris, these national and local policies are transforming the city’s real estate market, as evidenced by the Paris Climate Action Plan aiming to make the city carbon neutral by 2050, and the Dispositif Eco-Energie Tertiaire, which mandates energy performance improvements in public and commercial buildings. Sustainable projects like the Clichy-Batignolles Eco-District demonstrate the effectiveness of public-private partnerships in creating energy-efficient, mixed-use neighborhoods that align with carbon neutrality goals. The research also highlights the growing role of green finance instruments, such as green bonds, sustainability-linked loans, and green REITs, mobilizing capital for sustainable real estate projects. The thesis further explores the integration of non-carbon assets and portfolio alignment methodologies, examining how ESG investments contribute to financial stability and environmental impact. Several case studies will accompany each presented theme, in order to support the introduced concept. Furthermore, it also addresses challenges like regulatory complexity, financial constraints, and data inconsistencies, concluding with recommendations for overcoming these barriers to accelerate sustainable real estate development in Paris and beyond, contributing to France’s goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230532