One of the challenges that Italian industrial engineers will have to face in the coming years will be to harmonise business activities with the sustainability criteria that are emerging on the international scene. This thesis work has therefore preliminarily provided a framework for the emerging ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) sustainability criteria - introduced into the Italian legal system through so-called soft law instruments - by assessing their compatibility with the principles laid down in the Constitution of the Italian Republic. The analysis revealed how the constitutional architecture of our country contains, on the one hand, principles of sustainability similar to ESG criteria and, on the other, regulatory elements that in fact represent a barrier to certain possible outcomes deriving from the adoption of these criteria, such as the massive implementation of artificial intelligence in work/production activities. In particular, it has been noted that the counter-boundary represented by the Constitution cannot allow, as things stand, recourse to AI to the point of fully replacing human labour, since it is in it that Article 1 of the Constitutional Charter identifies the foundation of the Italian Republic. Wanting to delve further into the social sphere - included in the ESG criteria - the discussion continued by examining the salient features of the thought of the well-known economist Vittorio Coda, professor emeritus of the ‘Luigi Bocconi’ Business University, forerunner of reflections on corporate social sustainability. The study made it possible to identify Vittorio Coda as one of the main promoters, in Italy, of a humanistic vision of the economy and enterprise, aimed at valorising the person and his irreplaceable contribution, identified as decisive factors for the success - in its broadest sense, i.e. also contemplating the positive social repercussions - of entrepreneurial action. In particular, the concept of profit was examined in depth, which - according to Coda - is an essential element for business continuity to the extent that it is able to fuel investment in the human component of the company, generating cohesion, motivation and innovation processes, decisive factors for obtaining a long-term competitive capacity, with the relative ‘greater ability to serve the needs of the customer “ as well as ”greater ability to meet the expectations of social interlocutors’. We therefore wanted to verify in the field whether the humanistic approach promoted by Prof. V. Coda is spontaneously reflected in the Italian production fabric. Thus, the production reality represented by V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., a micro enterprise operating in the metalworking sector, which stands out for the production of unique pieces and small series, was examined. The research involved all the company's employees through the administration of a questionnaire, the results of which highlight a strong attachment and sense of responsibility towards the quality and beauty of the finished product, the mirror of a constant process of enhancement of the company's human capital, trained to a refined and conscious management of the production technologies used at V.L. Meccanica s.n.c.. Subsequent interviews with some of the company's key figures confirmed the importance of human input and the quality of interpersonal relations for the company's success. Finally, the implications of the humanistic approach, shared by Prof. V. Coda and the staff of V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., were assessed in the light of constitutional principles, with the aim of identifying the values that characterise a socially sustainable company.
Una delle sfide con le quali gli ingegneri industriali italiani dovranno confrontarsi nei prossimi anni sarà quella di armonizzare l’attività d’impresa con i criteri di sostenibilità che si stanno affermando nel panorama internazionale. Il presente lavoro di tesi ha pertanto fornito, preliminarmente, un inquadramento dei nascenti criteri di sostenibilità ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) – introdotti nell’ordinamento italiano attraverso strumenti di c.d. soft law – valutandone la compatibilità con i principi fissati nella Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana. L’analisi ha rivelato come l’architettura costituzionale del nostro Paese contenga, da un lato, principi di sostenibilità affini ai criteri ESG e, dall’altro, elementi normativi che di fatto rappresentano un argine rispetto a taluni possibili esiti derivanti dall’adozione di detti criteri, come ad esempio l’implementazione massiva, nelle attività lavorative/produttive, dell’intelligenza artificiale. In particolare, si è constatato come il controlimite rappresentato dal dettato costituzionale non possa consentire, allo stato, di ricorrere all’AI al punto da sostituire integralmente il lavoro umano, giacché è in esso che l’art. 1 della Carta Costituzionale individua il fondamento della Repubblica Italiana. Volendo approfondire ulteriormente l’ambito social – incluso nei criteri ESG – la trattazione è proseguita esaminando i tratti salienti del pensiero del noto economista Vittorio Coda, professore emerito dell’Università commerciale “Luigi Bocconi”, precursore delle riflessioni sulla sostenibilità sociale d’impresa. Lo studio ha consentito di identificare in Vittorio Coda uno dei principali promotori, in Italia, di una visione umanistica dell’economia e dell’impresa, tesa a valorizzare la persona e il suo insostituibile apporto, individuati quali fattori decisivi per il successo – nel suo senso più ampio, cioè contemplante anche le positive ricadute di natura sociale – dell’azione imprenditoriale. In particolare, è stato approfondito il concetto di profitto che – per Coda – è elemento essenziale per la continuità aziendale nella misura in cui sia in grado di alimentare investimenti sulla componente umana dell’impresa, generando coesione, motivazione, processi di innovazione, fattori decisivi per ottenere una capacità competitiva di lungo periodo, con relativa “superiore capacità di servire i bisogni del cliente” nonché “superiore capacità di soddisfare le attese degli interlocutori sociali”. Si è, quindi, voluto verificare sul campo se l’approccio umanistico promosso dal Prof. V. Coda trovi spontaneo riscontro nel tessuto produttivo italiano. È stata così esaminata la realtà produttiva rappresentata da V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., microimpresa operante nel settore delle lavorazioni metalmeccaniche, che si distingue per la produzione di pezzi unici e piccole serie. La ricerca ha coinvolto tutti i dipendenti dell’azienda attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario, i cui risultati evidenziano un forte attaccamento e senso di responsabilità verso la qualità e la bellezza del prodotto finito, specchio di un costante processo di valorizzazione del capitale umano aziendale, addestrato ad una gestione affinata e consapevole delle tecnologie produttive utilizzate in V.L. Meccanica s.n.c. Le successive interviste con alcune figure chiave dell’azienda hanno confermato l’importanza dell’apporto umano, nonché della qualità delle relazioni interpersonali per il successo dell’impresa. Infine, sono state valutate le implicazioni dell’approccio umanistico, condiviso dal Prof. V. Coda e dall’organico della V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., alla luce dei principi costituzionali, con l’obiettivo di identificare i valori che caratterizzano un’impresa socialmente sostenibile.
I valori dell'impresa socialmente sostenibile dal pensiero di Vittorio Coda alla VL Meccanica s.n.c.
MINOSA, MIRIANA
2023/2024
Abstract
One of the challenges that Italian industrial engineers will have to face in the coming years will be to harmonise business activities with the sustainability criteria that are emerging on the international scene. This thesis work has therefore preliminarily provided a framework for the emerging ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) sustainability criteria - introduced into the Italian legal system through so-called soft law instruments - by assessing their compatibility with the principles laid down in the Constitution of the Italian Republic. The analysis revealed how the constitutional architecture of our country contains, on the one hand, principles of sustainability similar to ESG criteria and, on the other, regulatory elements that in fact represent a barrier to certain possible outcomes deriving from the adoption of these criteria, such as the massive implementation of artificial intelligence in work/production activities. In particular, it has been noted that the counter-boundary represented by the Constitution cannot allow, as things stand, recourse to AI to the point of fully replacing human labour, since it is in it that Article 1 of the Constitutional Charter identifies the foundation of the Italian Republic. Wanting to delve further into the social sphere - included in the ESG criteria - the discussion continued by examining the salient features of the thought of the well-known economist Vittorio Coda, professor emeritus of the ‘Luigi Bocconi’ Business University, forerunner of reflections on corporate social sustainability. The study made it possible to identify Vittorio Coda as one of the main promoters, in Italy, of a humanistic vision of the economy and enterprise, aimed at valorising the person and his irreplaceable contribution, identified as decisive factors for the success - in its broadest sense, i.e. also contemplating the positive social repercussions - of entrepreneurial action. In particular, the concept of profit was examined in depth, which - according to Coda - is an essential element for business continuity to the extent that it is able to fuel investment in the human component of the company, generating cohesion, motivation and innovation processes, decisive factors for obtaining a long-term competitive capacity, with the relative ‘greater ability to serve the needs of the customer “ as well as ”greater ability to meet the expectations of social interlocutors’. We therefore wanted to verify in the field whether the humanistic approach promoted by Prof. V. Coda is spontaneously reflected in the Italian production fabric. Thus, the production reality represented by V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., a micro enterprise operating in the metalworking sector, which stands out for the production of unique pieces and small series, was examined. The research involved all the company's employees through the administration of a questionnaire, the results of which highlight a strong attachment and sense of responsibility towards the quality and beauty of the finished product, the mirror of a constant process of enhancement of the company's human capital, trained to a refined and conscious management of the production technologies used at V.L. Meccanica s.n.c.. Subsequent interviews with some of the company's key figures confirmed the importance of human input and the quality of interpersonal relations for the company's success. Finally, the implications of the humanistic approach, shared by Prof. V. Coda and the staff of V.L. Meccanica s.n.c., were assessed in the light of constitutional principles, with the aim of identifying the values that characterise a socially sustainable company.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230666