In quantum information technology quantum memories are important tools for the coherent storage and retrieval of photonic qubits, acting as an interface between these and long-lived solid state qubits. They find application in different fields, each time a synchronization device between different processes is needed. Many platforms are being studied for the realization of photonic quantum memories. Among the latter, waveguide memories realized by femtosecond laser micromachining in rare earth ion-doped crystals are interesting due to their versatility and easy integration with other photonic components. This thesis work aims the realization of a systematic research and optimization of Type I waveguides written on Praseodymium-doped YSO crystal with requirements of low losses and single mode support for both polarizations of light at 607 nm. Different fabrication parameters have been investigated, including laser repetition rate and pulse energy, and different waveguide geometries and writing configurations. A post processing thermal annealing step has been also introduced to reduce waveguides losses. The results have been achieved at a fabrication depth of 100 µm but also some investigations have been conducted at a 25 µm distance from the surface. This has been done on a crystal configuration with focusing direction of the femtosecond laser along the crystal refractive index axis D1 and scans of the laser parallel to the b axis. Other exploratory works have been realized on a different crystal configuration and on a Ytterbium-doped YSO crystal operating at 980 nm. Also a MATLAB software has been developed to reconstruct the refractive index variation induced by the fabricated waveguides in the substrate. Best results have been obtained with waveguides written using 4.8 mW optical power, 50 kHz repetition rate, 50 µm/s translation speed and 8 scans spaced by 0.3 µm with a in-to-out irradiation pattern. After the annealing treatment, the measured transmissions with direct fiber coupling are 71% for the horizontal polarized light and 76% for the vertical polarized one, in a 6.6 mm crystal.
Nell’informatica quantistica le memorie quantistiche sono strumenti importanti per immagazzzinare e recuperare i qubit fotonici, fungendo da interfaccia tra questi e i qubit a stato solido. Trovano applicazione in diversi ambiti in cui sia necessario un dispositivo di sincronizzazione tra processi diversi. Attualmente sono studiate molte piattaforme per realizzare memorie quantistiche fotoniche. Tra queste, le memorie a guida d’onda prodotte mediante microlavorazione laser a femtosecondi in cristalli drogati con terre rare sono interessanti per la loro versatilità e facile integrazione con altri componenti fotonici. Questo lavoro di tesi ha l’obiettivo di realizzare una ricerca sistematica per ottimizzare le guide d’onda di Tipo I scritte su cristallo YSO drogato con praseodimio, con requisiti di basse perdite e supporto monomodale per entrambe le polarizzazioni della luce a 607 nm. Sono stati studiati diversi parametri di fabbricazione, tra cui il repetition rate del laser e l’energia dell’impulso, nonché diverse geometrie di guida d’onda e configurazioni di scrittura. Per ridurre le perdite è stata anche introdotta una fase di annealing. Questi risultati sono stati ottenuti a una profondità di fabbricazione di 100 µm, ma sono state condotte alcune indagini anche a una distanza di 25 µm dalla superficie. Ciò è stato fatto su una configurazione di cristallo con direzione di focalizzazione del laser lungo l’asse D1 del cristallo e scansioni del laser parallele all’asse b. Altri lavori esplorativi sono stati realizzati su una diversa configurazione del cristallo e anche su un cristallo YSO drogato con itterbio, operante a 980 nm. È stato inoltre sviluppato un software MATLAB per ricostruire la variazione dell’indice di rifrazione indotta dalle guide d’onda nel substrato. I migliori risultati sono stati ottenuti con guide d’onda scritte utilizzando una potenza ottica di 4.8 mW, un repetition rate di 50 kHz, una velocità di traslazione di 50 µm/s e 8 scansioni distanziate di 0.3 µm con uno schema di irradiamento in-to-out. Dopo il trattamento di annealing, le trasmissioni misurate con accoppiamento diretto con la fibra sono del 71% per la luce polarizzata orizzontalmente e del 76% per quella polarizzata verticalmente, in un cristallo di 6.6 mm.
Femtosecond laser-written waveguides optimization for quantum memories development
Vidotto, Mattia
2023/2024
Abstract
In quantum information technology quantum memories are important tools for the coherent storage and retrieval of photonic qubits, acting as an interface between these and long-lived solid state qubits. They find application in different fields, each time a synchronization device between different processes is needed. Many platforms are being studied for the realization of photonic quantum memories. Among the latter, waveguide memories realized by femtosecond laser micromachining in rare earth ion-doped crystals are interesting due to their versatility and easy integration with other photonic components. This thesis work aims the realization of a systematic research and optimization of Type I waveguides written on Praseodymium-doped YSO crystal with requirements of low losses and single mode support for both polarizations of light at 607 nm. Different fabrication parameters have been investigated, including laser repetition rate and pulse energy, and different waveguide geometries and writing configurations. A post processing thermal annealing step has been also introduced to reduce waveguides losses. The results have been achieved at a fabrication depth of 100 µm but also some investigations have been conducted at a 25 µm distance from the surface. This has been done on a crystal configuration with focusing direction of the femtosecond laser along the crystal refractive index axis D1 and scans of the laser parallel to the b axis. Other exploratory works have been realized on a different crystal configuration and on a Ytterbium-doped YSO crystal operating at 980 nm. Also a MATLAB software has been developed to reconstruct the refractive index variation induced by the fabricated waveguides in the substrate. Best results have been obtained with waveguides written using 4.8 mW optical power, 50 kHz repetition rate, 50 µm/s translation speed and 8 scans spaced by 0.3 µm with a in-to-out irradiation pattern. After the annealing treatment, the measured transmissions with direct fiber coupling are 71% for the horizontal polarized light and 76% for the vertical polarized one, in a 6.6 mm crystal.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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2024_12_Vidotto_Executive Summary.pdf
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2024_12_Vidotto_Master Thesis.pdf
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Descrizione: Master Thesis
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230716