Ultrasonic shot peening (USP) is a material treatment process where shots collide with the substrate in an enclosed chamber. The process is well suited to induce grain refinement in the superficial layer. As the study in this field forwards, the numerical model of USP is regarded as important and required. One of the most common challenges to numerically model the process is to determine the method exploited for modelling it. In this study, the main goal is to develop a numerical framework to model the USP processing. To this end, First, a discrete element model (DEM) is developed to simulate the behavior of the shot dynamics in the chamber to identify the desired data such as the shot impact velocity, normal impact velocity and impact positions where shots impact the substrate to be treated with random impact velocity and orientation. The set-up to proceed with DEM simulation is prepared with the input data such as geometrical parameters, working conditions of USP process, physical and mechanical properties of materials and contact model to properly simulate and analyze the USP process. Based on a model from the literature, DEM model is calibrated and validated. Also, based on the replicated model, the optimization of parameters such as simulation time step, grid size and restitution coefficient are performed. A second finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the USP process outcome as the peened sample. In order to conduct FE simulations, DEM-FEM coupling is applied. The extracted data obtained by the DEM model is considered as the input data to implement the FE simulations, resulting in the peened material conditions, with induced compressive residual stress on a surface layer, and altered surface roughness. The experiment and numerical simulations are conducted in the same condition, and the numerical results are experimentally validated. Coverage analysis is studied at certain time intervals, and the peened sample is observed by an optical microscope. Compressive residual stress by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface roughness are measured. A comparison between the numerical and experimental results is performed, thereby verifying the numerical modeling of USP.
Il Shot Peening ad Ultrasuoni (USP) è un innovativo processo di trattamento meccanico della superficie condotto mediante una macchina di shot peening a ultrasuoni. Con l'avanzare degli studi in questo campo, la modellizzazione dell'USP è considerata importante e necessaria. Una delle sfide più comuni nella modellazione numerica del processo è determinare il metodo da utilizzare per la modellazione. Innanzitutto, viene adottato Altair EDEM (Discrete Element Method) per simulare il comportamento dei colpi nella camera al fine di identificare ed estrarre i dati desiderati, come la velocità di impatto, la velocità di impatto normale e la posizione di impatto in cui i colpi attaccano il substrato da trattare con velocità e orientamento di impatto casuali. L'impostazione per procedere con la simulazione DEM viene preparata con i dati di input quali parametri geometrici, condizioni operative del processo USP, proprietà dei materiali, proprietà meccaniche e modello di contatto per simulare e analizzare correttamente il modello USP. A partire da un modello di riferimento, il software EDEM viene validato e viene raggiunta l'ottimizzazione dei parametri di simulazione e di processo, come ad esempio, il passo temporale, la dimensione della griglia e il coefficiente di restituzione. Per condurre le simulazioni agli Elementi Finiti (FE), viene applicato l'accoppiamento DEM-FEM. I dati estratti ottenuti da modello DEM sono considerati come dati di input per implementare le simulazioni FE, risultando nelle condizioni del materiale sottoposto a peening, con un aumento delle tensioni residue di compressione su uno strato superficiale, un miglioramento della rugosità della superficie del campione e conservazione della duttilità attraverso la ricristallizzazione indotta dal processo USP. L'esperimento viene condotto nelle stesse condizioni e i risultati numerici vengono validati sperimentalmente. L'analisi della copertura viene studiata a intervalli di tempo specifici, e il campione sottoposto a peening viene osservato al microscopio ottico. Le tensioni residue di compressione e la rugosità vengono misurate mediante tecnica di diffrazione a raggi X. Successivamente viene eseguito un confronto tra i risultati numerici e sperimentali, verificando così la modellazione numerica dell'USP.
Numerical modelling of ultrasonic shot peening
KIM, NAKWON
2023/2024
Abstract
Ultrasonic shot peening (USP) is a material treatment process where shots collide with the substrate in an enclosed chamber. The process is well suited to induce grain refinement in the superficial layer. As the study in this field forwards, the numerical model of USP is regarded as important and required. One of the most common challenges to numerically model the process is to determine the method exploited for modelling it. In this study, the main goal is to develop a numerical framework to model the USP processing. To this end, First, a discrete element model (DEM) is developed to simulate the behavior of the shot dynamics in the chamber to identify the desired data such as the shot impact velocity, normal impact velocity and impact positions where shots impact the substrate to be treated with random impact velocity and orientation. The set-up to proceed with DEM simulation is prepared with the input data such as geometrical parameters, working conditions of USP process, physical and mechanical properties of materials and contact model to properly simulate and analyze the USP process. Based on a model from the literature, DEM model is calibrated and validated. Also, based on the replicated model, the optimization of parameters such as simulation time step, grid size and restitution coefficient are performed. A second finite element (FE) model is developed to simulate the USP process outcome as the peened sample. In order to conduct FE simulations, DEM-FEM coupling is applied. The extracted data obtained by the DEM model is considered as the input data to implement the FE simulations, resulting in the peened material conditions, with induced compressive residual stress on a surface layer, and altered surface roughness. The experiment and numerical simulations are conducted in the same condition, and the numerical results are experimentally validated. Coverage analysis is studied at certain time intervals, and the peened sample is observed by an optical microscope. Compressive residual stress by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface roughness are measured. A comparison between the numerical and experimental results is performed, thereby verifying the numerical modeling of USP.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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MSc_Thesis-Nakwon_Kim-10711450.pdf
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https://hdl.handle.net/10589/230722